The Commonly Confused Verbs Shall and Will

The Commonly Confused Verbs Shall and Will The verbs shall and will both point to the future, but in contemporary  American English, shall is used only rarely. In  British English, shall and will are often used interchangeably with little or no difference of meaning. According to linguist R.L. Trask, traditional rules regarding  shall and will are little more than a fantastic invention. Internationally, will is now the standard choice for expressing future plans and expectations. However, in first-person questions shall is often used to express politeness  (Shall we dance?), and in legal statements, shall is used with a third-person subject for stating requirements (Rent shall be paid  when due,  in accordance with the terms hereof). Examples I signed the lease. Incredible. In the middle of all this fine print, there was the one simple sentence, There shall be no water beds.(John Updike, Gesturing. Playboy, 1980)   Stuttering, Bessie told him  what had happened to her. She showed him the handle of the key she had clutched in her hand all night.Mother of God! he called out.What shall I do? Bessie asked.I will open your door.But you dont have a passkey.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key. The New Yorker, 1970)   [W]hen people come and see me they always say, Shall we meet in the local pub?(Simon Russell Beale, quoted by  Imogen Carter  and  Kathryn Bromwich, What Goes On in the Wings. The Observer [UK], November 20, 2016)   If you do not eat your potatoes, you will be upset, and I will be upset; your father, clearly, is already upset. If you do eat your potatoes, I shall be pleased, you will be pleased, your tummy will be pleased.(William Goldman, The Princess Bride. Harcourt, 1973)   I will go home, Bessie decided. People will not leave me in the streets.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key.  The New Yorker, 1970)   Humans need to find a new  planet within 1,000 years to keep the species alive,  Stephen Hawking said in a talk this week. Hawking, the noted theoretical physicist, said that humans will likely expend the planet’s resources in that time.(Justin Worland, Stephen Hawking Gives Humans a Deadline for Finding a New Planet. Time,  November 17, 2016) Usage Notes [T]heres simply  no reason to hold on to shall. The word is peripheral in American English.(Bryan A, Garner,  Garners Modern English Usage, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2016) The Traditional Rules There is a traditional textbook ruling that runs as follows. For simple futurity, you use shall after I or we but will after everything else, while, to express determination or command, you use will after I or we but shall after everything else. By these rules, the required forms are We shall finish tonight (simple statement) versus We will finish tonight (expressing determination), but They will finish tonight (simple statement) versus They shall finish tonight (an order).As grammarians never tire of pointing out, these bizarre rules do not accurately describe the real usage of careful speakers at any time or in any place in the history of English, and they are little more than a fantastic invention. If you are one of the handful of speakers for whom these rules now seem completely natural, then by all means go ahead and follow them. But, if you are not, just forget about them, and use your natural forms.Do not try to use shall if the word does not feel entirely natural, and especia lly dont try to use it merely in the hope of sounding more elegant. Doing so will probably produce something that is acceptable to no one.(R.L. Trask, Say What You Mean! A Troubleshooters Guide to English Style and Usage, David R. Godine, 2005) The Hazy Distinction Between Intention and Futurity [T]he distinction between intention and futurity can be hazy, and grammarians of C17 and C18 devised an odd compromise whereby both shall and will could express one or the other, depending on the grammatical person involved. . . . Research by Fries (1925) into the language of English drama from C17 on showed that this division of labor was artificial even in its own time. These paradigms were however enshrined in textbooks of later centuries and still taught a few decades ago. Their neglect is one of the better consequences of abandoning the teaching of grammar in schools.(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage, Cambridge University Press, 2004)​ British Uses of Shall and Will British people use I shall/I will and we shall/we will with no difference of meaning in most situations. However, shall is becoming very much less common than will. Shall is not normally used in American English. . . . Shall and will are not only used for giving information about the future. They are also common in offers, promises, orders and similar kinds of interpersonal language use. In these cases, will (or ll) generally expresses willingness, wishes or strong intentions (this is connected with an older use of will to mean wish or want). Shall expresses obligation (like a more direct form of should).(Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, Oxford University Press, 1995)​ Where Shall Survives In colloquial and indeed all spoken English . . . will is fast displacing shall in all cases in which shall was formerly used and in which we are recommended to use it. . . . It survives chiefly in first person questions, where it usefully distinguishes Shall I open the window? (as an offer or proposal) from Will I need a towel? ( will it be necessary). It is useful that the construction ll stands for both shall and will. (Eric Partridge, Usage and Abusage, edited by Janet Whitcut, W.W. Norton, 1995)​ AP Style Use shall to express determination: We shall overcome. You and he shall stay. Either shall or will may be used in first-person constructions that do not emphasize determination: We shall hold a meeting. We will hold a meeting.For second- and third-person constructions, use will unless determination is stressed: You will like it. She will not be pleased.(The Associated Press 2015  Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law, Basic Books, 2015) Practice (a) Lets go into the church, _____ we?(b) If you build it, he _____ come.(c) Martha _____ bring the salad. Answers to Practice Exercises: Shall and Will (a) Lets go into the church, shall we?(b) If you build it, he will come.(c) Martha  will bring the salad. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Should Parents Be Held Responsible for the Crimes of Their Children

Should Parents Be Held Responsible for the Crimes of Their Children Who is guilty when teens break the law? Should parents be blamed? Read to know who should be responsible for the crimes of teens. It’s no secret that teens break the law, thinking they’re basically invincible. They engage in underage drinking, vandalism, also possession, and under the influence, of drugs. But then some young people commit much bigger crimes – felonies such as breaking and entering into a house, grand theft auto, even murder, and rape. Children of all ages are capable of breaking the law, but it can be speculated that adolescents tend to break the law more. Unfortunately, teens in American engage in some pretty risky behavior in their middle and high school years. And unfortunately, these crimes have severe consequences that last a lifetime. While these minors are often thought of as children simply making mistakes, they are still rational, mostly reasonable human beings who knowing exactly what they are doing. So, therefore, their crimes should not make their parents responsible. Should Parents Be Held Responsible for the Crimes of Their Children? Could not, for one, be responsible for the crimes of their children, because any person of sound mind is a rational being. They know when they are committing a crime and doing something wrong. It has nothing to do with their parents – unless the parents are condoning, encouraging or taking part in the crime; then, and only then, should parents be held responsible for their children’s crimes. It is rarely the parent’s fault, even if they do teach their children right from wrong. Many people attempt to commit a crime because they think they can get away with it. The same goes for teens committing a crime: They do it, most of the time because they anticipate getting away with it. This is no reflection of one’s upbringing – only the way that person views right from wrong. Even if the children are diagnosed as mentally unsound, insane, crazy, manic-depressive, it’s still not the parent’s fault. SINGLE-PARENT CHILDREN BEHAVIOUR If someone’s child commits a crime and gets caught for it, a parent should not be held responsible for the child because it is the child committing the crime, not the adult. Some may argue how a child’s sense of right and wrong derives from the way their parents raised them – which is true; however, in the case of committing crimes, a child can still steal a pretty piece of jewelry from a friend even if they were taught as a child not to steal. This has nothing to do with the parent, only the child, or teen, committing the crime. If the child commits the crime, they should be at fault and charged appropriately. If one’s child commits the crime, unless the parent directly took part in the illegal activity associated with their child, the parent should without a doubt never be held responsible – not morally, emotionally or legally – for this crime. Parents Are Not Guilty! Unless the parent assisted in helping the child commit the crime –underage drinking drug usage, for example – the adult should never be held responsible for the child’s actions. If a kid gets in trouble, it’s easy to blame the parents, attribute the mishap to how they were raised, the kind of family they were born to. But that is what is wrong with this country: no one takes responsibility for their own actions, especially if they’re minors. It’s a major problem. This way, people become adults never being accountable for anything – they just blame it on someone else. This isn’t the way to go; all it does is condition someone that they are not going to face consequences when the do wrong. Why is that detrimental? Because a person gets a pretty rough reality check as an adult when they are faced with legal charges for committing a crime. At that point, their parents surely aren’t even in the picture. Only the child/teen sho uld get penalized for committing and crime. IS GUN CONTROL AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF REDUCING CRIME In conclusion, we all make mistakes, and many of us, even on accident, commit crimes (just look at how often people send friends or family members prescription pain-relieve medication. One word: felony). And when people committing crimes are caught, they get charged. The same goes for children, mostly adolescents. They generally know when they are doing something wrong, so they should always be held responsible for their actions – and not their parents. The same, of course, applies to teenagers: when they get caught committing a crime, their parents should never be held responsible unless the parents assisted in the crime. It’s time to hold young people responsible for their actions.

Automotive production levels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Automotive production levels - Research Paper Example Details Quarter ending 31st August 2012 Quarter ending 31st August 2011 1 Production levels 9.026 million Units 8.385 million Units 2 Inventory levels $ 14.32 billions $ 12.13 billions 3 Operational costs $ 144.62 billions $ 130.50 million 4 Sales $ 150.30 billions $ 135.40 billions 5 Price $ 16,650.00 $ 16,150.00 1. Demand -supply analysis Price $ 5,000 $ 10,000 $ 15,000 $ 20,000 Units sold 15,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 The above table shows different units that customers are wishing to buy at different prices. Given a price of $5,000, customers are willing to purchase 15,000 units, and this number reduces to 8,000 units given a price of $ 20,000. Graphical representation Price 20,000 f a? g ?e 15,000 ? Equilibrium point (e0) 10,000 h ? ? 5,000 c ? ?b j k 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Quantity demanded The above graph slants downwards from left to right. Notably, as price reduces, quantity of automobiles demanded increases and it turns the vice versa when the price increases. 2. Equilib rium price and quantity The point (e0) gives the equilibrium price of $ 12,250 and quantity $ 12,000 units. This point represents the favorable price that the buyers are willing to pay for a certain car model they buy from the company. Any point above the equilibrium price represents a higher price with corresponding lower quantities of automobiles sold. On the other hand, any point below the equilibrium point represents a lower price at which the buyers would buy more of automobiles. According to the data collected for General Motors, the above graph shows that the company is selling at high prices, which results to reduced quantity demanded. The company is offering its automobiles at an average price of $ 16,550, whereby 9.026 million units are sold. To maximize the number of units sold, the management should consider lowering the price in response to the market forces of demand and supply, up to $ 12,250 in order to achieve equilibrium. At this point, the quantity demanded will i ncrease by 2.974 million units. This action will make General Motors automobiles cheaper than those of the competitors, thereby increasing their demand. Interestingly, the demand will continue to grow and will eventually lead to increased production that will enable the company to enjoy increased economies of scale from the suppliers of raw materials (Arribas et al., 2009). Since General Motors is a global company, the increased demand will cause internal advantages to the firm, as well as result to the establishment of additional subsidiaries across the globe. 3. Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand refers to change in quantity demanded as a result of significant change in price. To derive price elasticity of demand, the following formula is used: Price elasticity of demand = (Q1-Q2)/ (Q1+Q2) (P1-P2)/ (P1+P2) The demand is said to be elastic if the price elasticity is greater than 1. This implies that the quantity demanded changes faster than the price. On the othe r hand, if the price elasticity of demand is lesser than one, the price elasticity is said to be inelastic implying that the quantity demanded changes slower than the price. Lastly, if price elasticity arrived at is equal to one, then this is referred to unitary condition, which shows that quantity demanded and price changes at the same rate (Freeman, 1977). Computation of price elasticity of demand for GM P1- $ 12,250 P2- $ 16,650 Q1- $ 12,000 Q2- $ 9,026 Therefore, Price elasticity

Reviews of education papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reviews of education papers - Essay Example The level of competence of children is reviewed and criticized by Buckingham in order to identify the appropriateness of debates used for media regulation in Britain and whether this regulation is justified in accordance with existing research on children and media literacy (Buckingham, 2005, p.2). In order to achieve the targets described above, Buckingham reviews the recent media regulation in Britain – emphasis is given to the Communications Act of 2003. The scope and the rules including in the above Act are criticized by Buckingham making reference to the actual characteristics and needs of education; At the next level, the interaction between media and children is analyzed – using the example of the potential negative effects of advertising on children’s social and eating behaviour. Relevant literature is also employed focusing on the following issues: a) the potential role of the state in the protection of children from the negative effects of advertising, b) how the responsibility of parents and teachers would be fairer distributed in regard to the protection of children from media, c) whether the concept of responsibility is appropriately interpreted today. The above tools used by Buckingham are considered as quite effective taking into considerati on the complexity and the demands of the issue under discussion. Moreover the findings of the research described above effectively support the Buckingham’s view that the term of competence – as used in the context of current media literacy – should be reviewed; children cannot be viewed as adults, an approach often promoted by the media. Rossi (2006) has tried to identify the nature and the elements of Australian identity; his research has led him to the conclusion that Australian identity does not exist – at least as a unique concept; rather the elements of this identity can be identified in various cultural and social events and

Crime Against Women in Ncr Essay Example for Free

Crime Against Women in Ncr Essay The Delhi-NCR region has thrown up numerous such instances of police apathy in rape cases. When asked to explain the rising instances of rape, the cops have invariably blamed the women, an array of extraneous factors or resorted to specious arguments instead of looking inwards and focusing on police reforms. The most disturbing aspect of this is the rank misogyny that underlies it. Crime against National Capital Region is alarming. Usually every day a single case of rape is reported in every city area of India. So it is wrong to say NCR alone. But The National Capital Region has become a hub for rapes and sexual assaults. In 2010, as many as 414 rape cases were reported in Delhi, the highest among 35 major cities in the country. At least three women were raped or molested in the national capital. A total of 128 cases of molestations and rapes were reported from Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad in the first 45 days of the year. Delhi/NCR Often been called the rape capital of India. Why is Delhi Indias most dangerous city for women? May be because Chaotic growth, bad policing and a judicial system close to collapse. Recently A 23-year-old girl was allegedly abducted and gang-raped in a moving car by a neighbor and his friends in Noida A woman was gang raped by five youths, who also thrashed her boyfriend in Kamla Nehru Nagar in Ghaziabad.  A 14-year old girl was raped by a neighbor in Mehrauli in south Delhi. And The 23-year-old Girl, who worked at a pub in a mall in Gurgaon, had alleged that she was sexually assaulted by a group of six men. In view of gang rape incidents recently in Gurgaon Police tells women Dont work after 8pm: Deputy Commissioner P. C. Meena has issued many Do’s and Don’ts to women to avoid eve-teasing and molestation. What tops his list is the criteria that women should not be out in the public after 8 PM. As per to his orders, now shopping mall and pub owners and those running shops and commercial establishments have been asked to not to keep women employees on duty beyond 8 in the evening. If women employees are detained on duty after that, it should be with the permission of the Labour department. Instead of implementing stringent laws to curb the few rapists out there, the Gurgaon Police decided to uproot all the women from their work places by 8’o clock in the evening. This curfew clearly reflects the authority’s attitude towards women. There is an obvious attempt to restrain women’s freedom, but apart from that legitimizing 8 PM as the standard time for women to be out of the public areas has rather put them in more danger. Instead of ensuring for safety for women, the Gurgaon police have imposed limitations on them. He said women employee are deputed on duty during the night shift, that is, after 8PM, her safe transportation from her home to place of duty and vice versa will be the responsibility of the employer who will have to keep a daily record of the vehicle used, its registration number, time of departure, name of driver who is entrusted the task of picking up or dropping the women employees. Meena made it worse by stating that if these instructions were not followed, then case will be registered against the pub and mall owner as well. What the Gurgaon police seems to have did is giving a free pass to the rapists to do their thing post 8 in the night. Any woman now who is out after the official curfew of 8 would do nothing but ‘invite’ men to sexually harass her. The police forces have shed their responsibilities of making Gurgaon safer by playing the classic card of holding the women responsible for being raped. Who are responsible for all this Our society is deeply gendered Apart from physical abuses, psychological violence against women in the form of social insults, coercion in family, eve teasing in streets and public transports on daily basis is not less humiliating, On the reason behind such violence against women, he says that violent behavior against women does not erupt all of a sudden. Men and women undergo different process of socialization. Men take up gendered roles that by themselves involve domination and control, where as women are assigned roles that involve submission.Moreover, women are portrayed as an inferior sex which is the reason why many go for female infanticide, rape, molestation.IN rape cases, where the victim does not come out and report due to fear of humiliation, social stigma etc. laws not strong enough One can ask that why such incidental are taking place? Doesnt the govt have enough laws to stop such atrocities? Isnt the society is not mature enough to deal with such things. Combined with a judicial system on the point of collapse, where cases routinely take years to be processed, and an almost total lack of modern forensic capability on the part of investigators, it is easy to see why the stringent rape laws are not a major deterrent. Government needs to contemplate devising three-prong policy. Drastic change in our legal system, strengthening law enforcement agencies to deliver quicker results have to be backed by social reforms and investment in social sector. he further added. Our Policing: One main reason behind the crime against women in NCR is Lack of Police personnel. We don’t have sufficient police personnel to tackle the criminals. About Half number of police personnel are deputed in the service of our minister. The other reason is the thinking of our police, A great number of policemen believe that what a woman wears is one of the reasons for rape. They say â€Å"do rapes really happen†? Many policemen are not even sure. Recognition of a crime as heinous as rape is something the police in the NCR do not appear to have come to terms with. Some of the Statement of our Policemen which shows their thinking. . Many cops think that it is ok to judge the victim of rape and blame them rather than dealing with the crime. But, what about the numerous 2 year olds who are raped? what about the young school girls who are raped? what did THEY do to bring it on themselves? So it’s time the police wake up and make public spaces safe for women. Ways to reduce Crime Against Women Changing the outlook of the society is the best way. But it is a very long process. For immediate results girls have to believe that they are still living in a very conservative society. The place where they are living or their friend circle is not their society. One has to consider the whole area / city where they are moving to reach their off/ college as a society and then judge it. Girls should act accordingly. I do believe that precaution is always better than cure. women should take as much precautions as they can specially when they are moving alone using a public transport or a two wheeler. Following steps Should be taken : 1. Police and Government Sensitivity: State agencies should stop blaming the victim and shift the responsibility onto the state agencies mandated to protect women’s rights. They should refrain at all times from making any gender-insensitive statements and character assault of women. Strict actions should be taken against such statements be made in the public sphere. We demand respect and dignity of all women. 2. Monitoring: CCTV’s in rape prone areas in Delhi, Noida and Gurgaon. CCTV Should also be installed in parking, the place from where the women employees boarded the vehicle, there so that it can be ascertained that the woman was not lifted forcibly. 3. Increase in deployment of police: Immediate and sustainable preventive mechanisms should be designed and adopted in the National Capital Territory Region, which can act as a deterrent to future such incidents. This should also include, increasing the frequency of the patrolling of the PCR vans and increased traffic vigilance in all areas 4. Sexual assault prevention and redressal policy: The Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for sexual assault cases should be drafted with immediate effect and ensure that support from relevant other service providers (government non-government) be effectively implemented in every case thereon. The SOPs should also ensure strict adherence for procedures to be followed and address any violations with strict actions thereon. Immediate actions against relevant police personnel on dereliction of duty should be made mandatory. Fast Track Courts on cases of Sexual Assault for immediate redressal and effective justice delivery to be ensured. 5. Women’s help lines: Emergency numbers like 1901 should be monitored by women which makes it easier for the victim to explain her problem/situation. Victim’s privacy should be respected. These numbers should be advertised through posters and billboards in all three cities. 6. Workplace safety: The Government must ensure procedures for accountability in all workplace to follow strict safety mechanism. 7. Awareness: The state needs to campaign against sexual harassment public messaging on women’s rights, shift male perspective of women, display hotlines and safety procedures all over the city. 8. Girls should Avoid Dangerous Situations: * Be aware of surroundings. Knowing where you are and who is around you may help you to find a way to get out of a bad situation. * Try to avoid isolated areas. It is more difficult to get help if no one is around. * Walk with purpose. Even if you don’t know where you are going, act like you do. * Trust your instincts. If a situation or location feels unsafe or uncomfortable, it probably isn’t the best place to be. * Make sure your cell phone is with you and charged and that you have cab money. * Try to think of an escape route. How would you try to get out of the room? Where are the doors? Windows? Are there people around who might be able to help you? Is there an emergency phone nearby? * If you and/or the other person have been drinking, you can say that you would rather wait until you both have your full judgment before doing anything you may regret later. Conclusion: The city being one of the most important metros of India should have been much secured for its citizens. However the main causes behind the increased crime rate in Delhi/NCR are the lack of awareness of its residents, careless approach of Delhi Police and indifference of Delhi chief minister who is herself a lady. Delhi police can put an end on the crime incidents by responding more promptly and sensibly to each and every case reported at the police stations. Also political intervention in criminal incidents should be strictly cut off to ensure the city’s safety and security.

The Epic Poem - Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beowulf is an epic poem. Why? Because (1) it is a long narrative work that relates the adventures of a great hero and (2) it reflects the values of the Anglo-Saxon society in which it was written prior to 1000AD. This Old English poem in unrhymed, four-beat alliterative style narrates, through the course of about 3200 verses, the bold killing of two monsters, Grendel and his Mother, and a fire-dragon, as well as numerous other brave deeds in lesser detail, by Beowulf, â€Å"the strongest of men alive in that day, mighty and noble,† â€Å"the good Geat.†Ã‚   Roberta Frank in â€Å"The Beowulf Poet’s Sense of History† sees the hero as â€Å"the synthesis of religious and heroic idealism† (Frank 59). Professor Tolkien in Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics states: â€Å"But in the centre we have an heroic figure of enlarged proportions† (Tolkien 38). â€Å"That crafty sailor† led his warriors â€Å"on the waves† to Hrothgar’s Danish kingdom where the first two adventures took place (â€Å"Herot, the bright ring-hall, is purged.†), earning the hero the greatest respect of the king (â€Å"You have by your deeds, achieved fame forever.†) and queen and people. More than â€Å"fifty winters† later the third great feat occurred in the Geat homeland where Beowulf was reigning as king. This adventure of armed combat against a fire dragon resulted not only in the dragon’s death but also in that of the Scandinavian hero. Numerous other adventures of the hero are presented in lesser detail: â€Å"With my sword I slew nine sea monsters,†Ã‚   â€Å"he had survived many battles,† â€Å"he avenged Heardred’s death,† â€Å"He deprived King Onela of life,† â€Å"I repaid Hygelac †¦ with my bright sword,† â€Å"I was the killer of Daghrefin,† etc. The poem rightfully claims that Beowulf â€Å"performed the most famous de... ...the ten who deserted their chief, said, â€Å"At the ale-bench he often gave you †¦ helmets and armor.†    From the above it’s obvious that abundant evidence amply demonstrates that Beowulf truly reflects the first millenial Anglo-Saxon culture in the poem’s lengthy narration of the adventures of a great hero.    BIBLIOGRAPHY Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990. Cramp, Rosemary. â€Å"Beowulf   and Archaeology.† In TheBeowulf Poet, edited byDonald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Frank, Roberta. â€Å"The Beowulf Poet’s Sense of History.† In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Tolkien, J.R.R.. â€Å"Beowulf :The Monsters and the Critics.† In TheBeowulf Poet, edited byDonald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.

Character Analysis on A Doll’s House Essay

There’s a quote that says, â€Å"Woman was taken out of man; not out of his head to top him, nor out of his feet to be trampled underfoot; but out of his side to be equal to him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be loved. † Indeed, all a woman wants is to be taken care of and sincerely given love and affection. But for some, this picture is an illusion that shrouds the truth, just like in the case of Nora Helmer in â€Å"A Doll’s House. † A woman of passion, fashion, and with a flair for gorgeous material things, Nora can’t ask for anything more than to be able to keep her family secured despite the serious debt they’re facing and to have the love of her kids and her beloved Torvald. But in the end, she must realize that her world had been a doll house all along and she, the beautiful figurine. Readers, as the story commenced, would be able to see that Nora desires security and comfort. She grew up being her father’s doll-child and continued to still be a doll for the husband she had found. Torvald would often refer to him with pet names like lark, squirrel, doll-baby, little featherbrain yet she never felt belittled. This is because she believed that in order to acquire the protection and love from Torvald, she must please him and should always preserver her husband’s feeling of mastery. But above that, Nora expresses a need for power and mastery which she fulfills in a self-effacing way by identifying with Torvald. She exults in the fact that â€Å"all the employees at the Bank [will] be dependent on Torvald now: â€Å"What fun to think that we—that Torvald—has such power over so many people† (Act I). She bristles when Krogstad speaks disrespectfully of her husband because she participates in Torvald’s glory, and any threat to his status is a threat to her own. (Paris 42) Nora all through out had been very enduring and this is her trait that mostly stands out. A common person would be demeaned by every pet name her father and Torvald ever called her but instead she felt just the same, quite pleased even. As the threat of the immense debt she and her husband face arises, she persevered to save and work hard than let her husband know. She believes protecting her husband is the right thing to do. She even says, â€Å"Torvald has his pride – most men have – he’d be terribly hurt and humiliated if he thought he’d owed anything to me. It’d spoil everything between us, and our lovely happy home would never be the same again. † (Act 1) At the end of the story, Nora finally realized that for most of her life, she had only been a doll, playing and moving according to what her master says. Her realization came from a great shock. For deeply protecting her husband, secretly and enduringly saving to pay off the large debt they obtained from going to Italy, she had hopefully believed that Torvald would sacrifice himself for her. But instead her calls her a hypocrite, a liar, a criminal and told her that she’s prohibited to bring up the children. Bernard J. Paris analyze Nora’s reaction saying: Her dream has been shattered; her image of Torvald, her bargain, her hopes are all exploded illusions†¦ Enraged, she feels now that she does not love Torvald and that he has never loved her. (44) She became aware and decided to leave her doll-house, and even her children, to learn and become a woman and a real wife and mother. (Shengold 215) As we look at how the things have went, we may say that in a way, Nora deserved what have happened to her in the end. She may have been living at a time when women are supposed to be more reserved and submissive but as a person she still have her rights. But instead of using it and standing by her principles from the start, she chose to delight at the comfort and ease that the doll house offers. From this incident, we may say that Ibsen is trying to show us the theme of inner strength and conviction to overcome obstacles. Always in one’s life, there would be struggles and conflict but by staying strong and persevering, one would always see it through. Nora Helmer as a person has dreams she wants to achieve. Even at the start, as she tries to protect her husband, she has already visualized a plan, a part of the future she wants to happen. With this, I relate to her. While I still have a long way to go and more obstacles to overcome, there are things that I dream of and plans which I further want to come to reality. Like Nora too, I desire to live a comfortable life with my family and be able to protect them from any great dangers that may arise. A person can only be so strong when their hearts purely wish to be strong. Life would always give us challenges, some may even seem life-threatening, but if we believe in ourselves and we stand by our principles just as Nora did at the end, then everything would be alright. Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House,† on the whole, is a wonderful play, very realistic and a story from which anyone and everyone could learn a thing or two. The plot and themes of the story are well thought yet it didn’t need to use very deep words that may confuse the readers. Nora Helmer is a representative figure of women; she is submissive at first, very demure and frail. Yet as the story progresses she begin to understand that even as a woman, she have equal rights as her husband, and even as a woman too, she have her own mind to decide what is good for her and what is bad or to decide whether something told to her is true or plain fallacy. Works Cited Roberts, Edgar V. â€Å"A Doll’s House. † Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2003. Paris, Bernard J. Imagined Human Beings. New York: New York UP, 1997 Shengold, Leonard. Haunted by Parents. Connecticut: Yale UP, 2007

LETTER OF APPLICATION Essay

Letter of application A letter of application is one’s first introduction to his/her prospective employer. It is a persuasive message that sells the applicant’s talents to the employer. In that case, it should be similar to that of a sales letter in attracting and impressing the reader and motivating him to take action. Job application letter, usually, has two parts: (i) Cover letter and (ii) Resume. (i) COVER LETTER The cover letter is not just a forwarding letter. The purpose of writing a cover letter is to persuade the employer to read the resume enclosed. It should be tactfully written and carefully organized, so that it gains attention and builds interest and motivates the employer to take action. Format Though there are many formats, full block format with open punctuation marks is the most popularly used forms in today’s business communication. Full block format means, aligning all the parts of the letters in the left margin without indenting. One line space has to be left between the parts. Open punctuation refers to using punctuation marks only in the main body of the letter in order to ensure clear comprehension and omitting punctuation marks like commas and full stops in all other parts (date, address, salutation, subscription, etc.) How to Write an Effective Cover Letter? An effective cover letter must convince the employer that the candidate possesses the requisite skills for the job and ensure him that he is the suitable person for the post. So the cover letter should highlight the most relevant skills/achievements/performance, needed for the job. The cover letter is usually written in three or four small paragraphs with enough white space in between. In the first paragraph, (i) mention the subject and reference. In other words, the name of the post you are applying and the source of information (name of the newspaper and the date) are to be mentioned. In case of some other sources like personal contacts, due acknowledgement has to be made. (ii) Express the reason to apply for the post or your willingness to be considered as a candidate. Some sample openings: 1. Your advertisement for the post of Software Engineer in the June 25, 2008 issue of The Times of India interested me as I am confident that I possess the requisite qualification and skills. I wish to be considered as a candidate for the same. 2. I understand from Mr. Rajgopal, one of your faculty that there is an opening in your esteemed organization for the post of Marketing Executive.. 3. I was very interested to see your advertisement for the post Software Engineer in The Hindu of 29.06.2008. I have been seeking for such an opportunity as this, and I think my background and your requirements may be a good match. I am very much interested in working as a Software Engineer in your esteemed concern. In the second paragraph, (i) highlight your academic and professional skills which are more relevant for the post you are applying now. (ii) Give specific and the most important details of your achievements and inform the employer that your resume is enclosed for the other details of your qualification and experience. Some samples: 1. As my enclosed resume indicates, I have a B.E in Electronics and Communication Engineering. I was a University rank holder and was awarded a merit scholarship by the University. I did my internship at Reliance, Bangalore, during the summer vacation. My project work has helped me acquire a wide variety of skills that would benefit your company. 2. My education includes a B.E .in Electrical Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchi and an MBA from IGNOU, New Delhi. During my undergraduation, I did a summer project in Network Security, at BSNL, Coimbatore. and received a letter of appreciation for my vision and ability to multitask. I wish to begin my career with Polexcel and I believe that my employment with you would be highly beneficial to your company and also add value to my career. In the third paragraph/concluding paragraph, (i) motivate the employer for taking action, i.e., calling for an interview (ii) express your convenience to attend the interview. Some Sample Closings: 1. I look forward to the opportunity of attending an interview when I can provide additional details. 2. I would like to meet you and discuss the employment possibilities at your company. I expect your reply and appreciate your consideration. 3. I shall be pleased to provide any further information you may need and hope I may be given an opportunity of an interview. 4. I wish to begin my career with SR Industries and I believe that my employment with you would be highly beneficial to your company and also add value to my career. 5. I have been looking for an opening like this one, which provides a fast moving, dynamic work environment and accelerated and challenging growth opportunities. (ii) RESUME A resume is a selective record of a candidate’s academic, professional and personal background. It is basically, a professional employment seeking document that presents the summary of an individual’s education, professional training, experience, skills, abilities, achievements and references. The length of the resume should be between 1 and 2 pages long. Format There is no specific format for writing a resume. The resume should have an effective design with a focus on readability and adaptation to the expectations of the prospective employer. Though the parts and the format of a resume differ from person to person and company to company, the standard parts of a resume include the following: 1. heading, 2. position sought, 3. career objective, 4. education, 5. work experience, 6. special skills, 7. achievements, 8. activities, and interests 9. references. Some sample objectives 1. To work as a System Manager in a leading IT company where I will have opportunities to use my knowledge in VB, ASP, NET, XML and SQL server. 2. To be a part of a fast growing multinational company that will enable me to use my analytical, interpersonal and communication skills. 3. Entry level position is design and development of microprocessor circuitry; eventual advancement to positions as Technical Manager or Project Leader. Resume Style There are three acceptable resume styles: Chronological, Functional and Hybrid (a combination of both) Chronological Resume: This is the most commonly used resume style. It focuses on education and experience and the details are arranged in reverse chronological order. Functional Resume: Functional resumes highlight accomplishments and emphasise skills. The requisite skills are demonstrated by means of the experience the candidate possesses. Combination Resume: As the name suggests, it combines the best features of chronological and functional resumes. This style is very rarely used. In short, the style of the resume depends on the nature of the job and the skills and qualification of the candidate. Points to Remember in Writing a Resume Make the design and format readable with main sections noticeable and the individual components distinct, separate and clear. Give well defined headings Leave enough white space between the parts. Align everything to the left Leave at least one inch margin Use standard font, preferably, Ariel or Times New Roman with 10 or 12 font size. Be specific, factual and objective. Edit carefully for grammar, vocabulary and spelling errors. Avoid punctuation as much as possible. Avoid columns, vertical, horizontal lines, or boxes. Avoid decorative designs, and typography Make the resume computer-friendly. Thus the success of employment search largely depends on a candidate’s ability to design an effective cover letter and a persuasive resume. LETTER OF APPLICATION Example: 30.06.2008 M.Harish 25/186, Fourth Avenue Jeeva Nagar Tambaram Chennai – 600 045 The General Manager Human Resources Division Infitech Solutions Chennai – 103 Dear Sir In response to your advertisement in The Times of India of 29.06.2008, I wish to apply for the post of Software Engineer in your reputed concern. My academic record reflects my sincerity and strong determination. I graduated with a B.Tech in Information Technology from Anna University, Coimbatore with distinction in May 2008. I received the Chief Minister Merit Scholarship during 2006-2007 for my academic performance. As a dynamic and extroverted student, I took active interest and participation in many extra curricular and co-curricular activities and won prizes. I have enclosed my resume for the details of my qualification for your perusal. As I have a sound academic background, good oral and written communication skills, proficiency in computers and high degree of commitment, I would be able to contribute to the growth and expansion of your company. I look forward to having the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications for the post of Software Engineer at your firm. Thanking you in anticipation Yours faithfully, Sign. M.HARISH Enc: Resume RESUME M.HARISH Address: 25/186, Fourth Avenue Jeeva Nagar Tambaram Chennai – 600 045 Phone: 044 – 2239 4657 Mobile: 98764 95342 E mail: harish_m@rediffmail.com OBJECTIVE To obtain a challenging position as a Software Engineer in an innovative software company where I will have opportunities to utilize my computer proficiency, communication and interpersonal skills to contribute to the growth of the company and also enhance my career prospects. EDUCATION Anna University, Coimbatore B.Tech. in Information Technology, May, 2008. SH Senior Secondary School, Chennai passed Higher Secondary, April, 2004 SOFTWARE SKILLS Programming Languages: C, C++, JAVA, PERL Technologies: HTML, Java Security, JDBC Operating Systems: Linux, Unix, Windows 95/09/NT, DOS ACHIEVEMENTS Won Chief Minister Merit Scholarship for academic proficiency in III tear Won First prize in Inter – University elocution contest, in 2007. Secured Second position in Debugging’ contest, held at IIT, Chennai. ACTIVITIES Was the Student Secretary for the Society of Information Technologists Had been a member of National Cadet Corps for three years during my school Have participated in many extra – curricular activities and won prizes PERSONAL DETAILS Age & Date of Birth 21 years & 14.08. 1987 Marital Status: Single Languages Known: Tamil, English, Hindi, German Interests: Reading fiction, Web designing and Listening to Carnatic REFERENCES 1. Dr. V.Thanuvalingam Dean (Academic) Anna University Coimbatore 2. Dr.K.Viswanathan Professor& Head Department of Information Technology Anna University Coimbatore Task: Assume that you have completed your degree and draft a letter of application to be sent to your dream company. Prepare your own resume to be enclosed along with the cover letter.

DOCTRINE OF LIS PENDEN S Essays - Lis Pendens, Real Property Law

DOCTRINE OF LIS PENDEN S Essays - Lis Pendens, Real Property Law DOCTRINE OF LIS PENDEN S INTRODUCTION The broad principle underlying S. 52 of the Transfer of Property Act is to maintain the status quo unaffected by the act of any party to the litigation pending its determination-even after the dismissal of a suit, a purchaser is subject to lis pendens, if an appeal is afterwards filed-if after the dismissal of a suit and before an appeal is presented, the lis' continues so as to prevent the defendant from transferring the property to the prejudice of the plaintiff . MEANING The term Lis means an action or a suit, Pendens is the present participle of " pendo "meaning continuing or pending. Lis Pendens literally means a pending suit ; and the doctrine of Lis Pendens has been defined as the jurisdiction, power or control which a court acquires over property involved in a suit pending, the continuance of the action ., and until final judgment therein. Exposition of the doctrine indicate that the need for it arise from the very nature of the jurisdiction of Curt and their control over the subject -matter of litigation so that parties litigating before it may not remove any part of the subject matter outside the power of the Court to deal with it and that make the proceedings infructuous . The Supreme Court in its recent decision in T.G. Ashok Kumar v. Govindammal explained the concept in the following terms; 9. Section 52 dealing with lis pendens is relevant and it is extracted below: "Transfer of property pending suit relating thereto.During the pendency in any Court having authority within the limits of India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir or established beyond such limits by the Central Government of any suit or proceeding which is not collusive and in which any right of immovable property is directly and specifically in question, the property cannot be transferred or otherwise dealt with by any party to the suit or proceeding so as to affect the rights of any other party thereto under any decree or order which may be made therein, except under the authority of the court and on such terms as it may impose." OBJECT OF THE DOCTRINE The object of S. 52 is to subordinate all derivative interests or all interests derived from parties to a suit by way of transfer of pendente lite to the rights declared by the decree in the suit and to declare that they shall not be capable of being enforced against the rights acquired by the decree-holder. A transferee in such circumstances therefore takes the consequence of the decree which party who made the transfer to him would take as the party to the suit. The principle of lis pendens embodied in Section 52 being a principle of Public Policy, no question of good faith or bona fide arises. Such being the position, the transferee from one of the parties to the suit cannot assert or claim any title or interest adverse to any of the rights and set interests acquired by another party under the decree in suit, the principle of lis pendens prevents anything done by the transferee from operating adversely to the interest declared by the decree. In Jayaram Mudaliar v. Ayyaswami ( AIR 1973 SC 569) this court held that the purpose of Section 52 of the Act is not to defeat any just and equitable claim, but only to subject them to the authority of the court which is dealing with the property to which claims are put forward. This court in Hardev Singh v. Gurmail Singh (2007) 2 SCC 404 held that Section 52 of the Act does not declare a pendente lite transfer by a party to the suit as void or illegal, but only makes the pendente lite purchaser bound by the decision in the pending litigation HISTORY The doctrine is of ancient lineage .Originating in the Civil Law, it seems to have been operative at an early date as the basis of the common law rule by virtue of which the judgment in a real action was regarded as over- reaching any alienation made by the Defendant during its pendency. In the course of the doctrine was adopted

Horny Toad Lizard Facts (Phrynosoma)

Horny Toad Lizard Facts (Phrynosoma) The horny toad is actually a lizard (a reptile) and not a toad (an amphibian). The genus name Phrynosoma means toad bodied and refers to the animals flattened, round body. There are 22 species of horned lizard and several subspecies. Fast Facts: Horny Toad Lizard Scientific Name: PhrynosomaCommon Names: Horny toad, horned lizard, short-horned lizard, horntoadBasic Animal Group: ReptileSize: 2.5-8.0 inchesLifespan: 5-8 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Deserts and semi-arid parts of North AmericaPopulation: Decreasing to stableConservation Status: Least Concern to Near Threatened Description The horny toad has a squat, flattened body and a blunt nose like a toad, but its life cycle and physiology are that of a lizard. Each species is distinguished by the number, size, and arrangement of the crown of horns on its head. The lizard has spines on its back and tail that are modified reptile scales, while the horns on its head are true bony horns. Horny toads come in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray and can change their color to a certain extent to camouflage themselves against their surroundings. Most horny toads are less than 5 inches long, but some species reach 8 inches in length. Habitat and Distribution Horny toads live in arid to semi-arid regions of North America, from southwestern Canada through Mexico. In the United States, they occur from Arkansas west to California. They live in deserts, mountains, forests, and grasslands. Diet The lizards are insectivores that prey primarily on ants. They also eat other slow-moving ground-dwelling insects (sow bugs, caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers) and arachnids (ticks and spiders). The toad either slowly forages or else waits for prey and then catches it with its sticky, long tongue. Horny toads use their sticky tongues to catch prey. Â  ebettini / Getty Images Behavior Horny toads feed early in the day. When ground temperature becomes too hot, they seek shade or dig themselves into the ground to rest (aestivation). In the winter and when temperatures drop in the evening, the lizards brumate by digging into the ground and entering a period of torpor. They may cover themselves completely or leave only their nostrils and eyes exposed. Horny toads have interesting and distinctive methods of self-defense. In addition to camouflage, they use their spines to make their shadows blurry and to deter predators. When threatened, they puff up their bodies so their large size and spines make them harder to swallow. At least eight species can squirt a directed stream of blood from the corners of their eyes up to 5 feet. The blood contains compounds, presumably from the ants in the lizards diet, that are distasteful to canines and felines. Reproduction and Offspring Mating occurs in late spring. Some species bury eggs in the sand, which incubate for several weeks before hatching. In other species, eggs are retained in the females body and the young hatch shortly before, during, or after egg-laying. The number of eggs varies by species. Between 10 and 30 eggs may be laid, with an average clutch size of 15. The eggs are about a half inch in diameter, white, and flexible. Hatchlings are 7/8 to 1-1/8 inches long. They have horns like their parents, but their spines develop later. The hatchlings receive no parental care. Horny toads reach sexual maturity when they are two years old and live between 5 and 8 years. Juvenile horny toads resemble their parents, but are smaller in size. Â  Design Pics / Getty Images Conservation Status Most horny toad species are classified as least concern by the IUCN. Phrynosoma mcallii has a conservation status of near threatened. There is insufficient data to evaluate Phrynosoma ditmarsi or the Sonoran horned lizard, Phrynosoma goodei. Some species populations are stable, but many are decreasing. Threats Humans pose the greatest threat to horny toad survival. The lizards are collected for the pet trade. In areas near human habitation, pest control threatens the lizards food supply. Horny toads are also affected by fire ant invasions, as they are selective about the ant species they eat. Other threats include habitat loss and degradation, disease, and pollution. Sources Degenhardt, W.G., Painter, C.W.; Price, A.H. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1996.Hammerson, G.A. Phrynosoma hernandesi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64076A12741970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64076A12741970.enHammerson, G.A., Frost, D.R.; Gadsden, H. Phrynosoma mcallii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64077A12733969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64077A12733969.enMiddendorf III, G.A.; Sherbrooke, W.C.; Braun, E.J. Comparison of Blood Squirted from the Circumorbital Sinus and Systemic Blood in a Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum. The Southwestern Naturalist. 46 (3): 384–387, 2001. doi:10.2307/3672440Stebbins, R.C. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 2003.

Earned Value Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Earned Value Management - Essay Example The most vital component of EVMS is recognizing the real time investment occurring within the project compared to planned value and actual cost. This will illustrate whether the project is exceeding costs and whether it is behind schedule. It is important to recognize that PV is also considered the Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled, which is imperative for determining earned value. Projects have technical performance aspects (progress) that is related to budget and should be assessed in comparison to actual costs incurred. Planned budget of $180,000 with an actual cost of $200,000 would, without EVMS, be $20,000 over budget. However, EVMS might illustrate that the technical progress started earlier than expected, thus the project is now ahead of schedule and might be more apt to meet PV budget. This is why EVMS is linked directly to cost and performance. My view is that EVMS is a more practical assessment of a project since it takes more into consideration than just costs. It recognizes expert progress based against time schedules, to make a more accurate assessment of project value or potential losses. It is a viable tool for assessing projects because it takes time and talent into consideration (Goodpasture, 2004) along with recognition of costs, something needed for strategic project management in order to gain a broader picture of whether the project is meeting its intended budget and progress

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Summary - Essay Example We were all very supportive of the project and admire the hard work involved throughout this process. I believe that Jean worked well and thoroughly to bring this topic and potential improvement program to life. Alexis posted her work, as well, Jean posted some recommendation she thought would benefit Alexis. Alya and Rhett, also, added some very constructive commentary to the posting. Overall, I believe that Alexis has provided strong evidence of the importance of this issue and that her strong approach and very focused approach represents a great potential for her suggested program to succeed. Ayla’s approach, in the posting, was incredibly well resourced and clearly provides a wonderful example the ability of groups with programs like this, which may, be effective in similar ways all over the world. The rest of the team added some interesting suggestions that were supportive of the goal. Rhett’s posting was well focused and relevant, as was Nasreen’s. Rhettâ⠂¬â„¢s was well grounded and informative and Nasreen’s gave a thorough regard to how to help solve the problem at the core of her work. The team showed great effort and positivity in providing helpful, beneficial, constructive criticisms that only improved the wonderful work being presented. This team endeavor has been a fantastic experience and everyone who participated gave total commitment. I am unbelievably pleased with the