Disaster in Franklin County Essay

The role of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, is to provide the public with accurate information, and to assure the community, as well as ensure the immediate safety and well-being of the members of the community, while being competent compassionate and accessible. The public health director was contacted by the incident commander to attend the incident briefing due to immediate and long term public health impacts. The fire chief gave report concerning how many people were confirmed dead, what time it occurred and what county(s) were affected. He made the public aware if any hazardous materials had been released and where and whether the hazardous materials team had been dispatched. He also notifies the community of areas of flooding, and any impassable roads and the roads that are closed, as well as any power outages, and possible long term problems that may occur from power loss such as water contamination, and food loss due to spoilage. The fire chief also informs the public that the plan for search and rescue has been initiated. The public health staff had previously had National Incident Management System (NIMS) training. The deputy director sets up the incident command center and does the head count of available responders. The most ideal personnel were not totally available; there were an appropriate number to set up section chiefs and command staff. The chain of command that was used in the simulation consisted of the Public Health Team which included the County Public Health Director, Environmental Health Specialists, and Community Health Nurses, as well as Franklin county staff members, mental health, and social workers, which allowed the community health nurse to have resources available that were used to deal with situations that were outside the nurse’s scope of practice included reporting to EOC well treatment hazardous waste removal. Actions taken by the community health nurse when she encountered possible emergency situations during the door-to-door interviews was to Calm and triage families and offer reassurance and instruction on safety. The public health personnel had to deal with multiple problems both during the initial period and after the immediate danger had past. Actions taken by the community health nurse to help the people who were interviewed cope with the situations after the flooding were: to advise them to stay at shelter where there is electricity and food to contact Environmental health specialists for toxic waste To contact Social services to address immediate needs and resources. To arrange for instruction on safe use of generators in English and Spanish. To make arrangement for medications to be delivered the next day. Techniques that were used or could have been used to calm the fears of the people interviewed are to use short and concise statements. Perform active listening and confirm statements by repeating it back to the person being spoken with, use confrontation avoidance, and De-escalation. The other nursing personnel could be prepared to help in responding to a similar emergency with a much larger affected area (e.g., the effect of Hurricane Katrina). Through the development of a well-organized disaster response plan. Public health staff requires National Incident Management System (NIMS) training. Emergency preparedness training should be performed at least every six months. There needs to be a method of communication in case power lines, towers and electricity are not available; have a backup system in place and know where they are located (e.g. include, walkie talkies, Morse code and emailing). Community nurses should have car stock that includes protective gear (PPE) such as N-95 mask, barriers for CPR, gloves, biohazard containers and isolation gowns. Knowledge of the basic steps that are needed to take to ensure patient safety, such as safe evacuation, and early notification will help prevent unnecessary casualties during emergencies (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. www.ahrq.gov/prep. Accessed July 21, 2006. References Centers for Public Health Education and Outreach. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cpheo1.sph.umn.edu/fcs/index.asp Health Care: Public Health Emergency Preparedness. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/prep

China Child Policy Essay

One of the things that people love and appreciate about the U.S.A is the fact that it’s a free country. There is about 322 million people that live in the U.S, each day marks thousands of new lives and deaths. Some people, like myself enjoy big and crowded families so they usually have more than 1 child. Now imagine having three kids and have two of them taken away from you because you’re not supposed to have more than 1. It sounds unfair and controlling but in China the â€Å"one child policy takes place†. China’s one child policy was first announced in 1979 by the Chinese president Deng Xiaoping as a method of controlling the fast growing population to help raise living standards. The policy limits couples to one child. In 1983 fourteen million women in china had abortions forced and organized by the same family-planning committee that killed Feng’s baby. In 2009, there were six million abortions. Now the government is working on letting certain c ouples have an extra child but only if both parties were born under the one child policy and had no siblings growing up. That way they prevent a drastic decrease in the population. I, personally think it’s unfair and too controlling of the Chinese government to control how many kids a family can have because it’s cruel and unfair to break up families like that. If a woman dares to get pregnant a second time, fines, pressures to abort the baby, and even forced sterilization will accompany her through her second pregnancy. For example a 23 year-old Chinese girl called Feng Jiamei was forced into abortion in the seventh month of pregnancy, the baby was killed by local Chinese â€Å"family-planning officials.† For one thing, people should have the freedom to decide how big a family they want. China’s once child policy takes away Chinese people’s human rights. Most Chinese kids don’t know what it feels like to have siblings, aunties, uncles, cousins etc. The Chinese government basically a dictatorship because they tell people how to run their families. China’ s one child policy takes away from the people’s human rights and I believe the Chinese population should rise up against the government and the â€Å"one child policy† policy because that’s unfair and the punishments such as forced abortion and sterilization are cruel and unusual. Chinese people need to rise up one day and let their voices be heard.

Aim and Objectives of a Business

Aims And ObjectiveAims are the goal the business wants to achieve while on the other hand objectives are practical steps to achieve the goal; it is very beneficial to set aims and objectives because it will help the business to be successful whether the goals are good or bad. Failing to set aims objectives will invariably make the business fails or damage it in the long term. In every business sector, Aims and objectives are essential be it private, public and non-for profit organisations. When businesses set aims and objectives, there is a greater degree of a tendency for the business to reach its potential goal or vision. When private sector businesses provide goods and services, they in turn make profit.For example, Aldi as a private limited company delivers value and lower prices for their customers to gain their loyalty and to maximise profits. They able to deliver in this manner due to increase sales and reducing cost of productions. All these processes bring about increase an d expansion of the business. Public Sector organisations are owned and controlled by the government (or local government). They provide quality services to their customers by helping to provide public services to their customers. These services are often free at the point of delivery e.g. the NHS. They provide goods paid for by the consumer.For example, if I pay for a ‘sexually transmitted disease (VD) jab I will benefit directly by being less likely to be in discomfort with the sexually transmitted disease (VD). But others also benefit because they are not going to catch the sexually transmitted disease from me. Another example of Public sector goods are ‘non-rival’ in consumption and ‘non-excludable’ in provision. An example of this is street lighting. If I walk down the street, taking the benefit of the street lights, the light I ‘consume’ leaves no less light for anyone else to consume. Because the good is ‘non-excludableâ€℠¢ a private business would have trouble making money out of it, so they tend not to bother.For this reason these goods are unlikely to be provided at all unless the government provides them out of general taxation which rest on the citizenry to pay. Not-for profit sector they raise funds to support a cause like helping people in need, they make surplus after the expenses of the business then, they reinvest the profits back into the business for expansion. They increase revenue from donations to carry out its various projects like water aid, schools and hospitals that are needed in Africa  countries.The Purpose For Setting Aims And ObjectivesThe purpose or reason for setting aims and objectives is because they are beneficial to the business whether good or bad. It is important to note that the business that does not set aims and objectives is band to fail or damage. As a business you make plans, SMART objectives have to be in place for the business to move forward and for it to rea ch its desire goal. It is also important to write out your mission statement because when you write out your mission, it become the vision that propels the business forward..Setting aims and objectives help the business to make profit for example you want to make 100% every week but without the aims and objectives you will not be able to measure your achievement or progress in your business. Sitting aims objectives will enable you to check if you have reached your set goals and objectives. It will also help you to be realistic and time-bound in your business goals. It also will help you reach your set targets, for example your aim is to make more profit in your business the time-bound will help you to know what you have achieved or if you are behind.The aims that would be appropriate for the sandwich shop are: To make profit as much as possible by maximising the profit and also increase sales. Growth for the business to expand and to have more sandwich branches. The sandwich shop ha s to stay in business until the business improves.ObjectivesThe sandwich shop has to provide a quality service to their customer to win them over to increase sales. The sandwich shop can reduce cost in order to retain and gain more customers. The sandwich shop can improve the quantity of the sandwich in order to stay and compete with other businesses.

Article response paper to womb for rent--for a price by ellen goodman

Response paper to womb for rent--for a price by ellen goodman - Article Example The process to make the child is known is in vitro fertilization, during which the egg is fertilized with the sperm outside of the womb and then placed into the surrogate mother’s womb to complete the typical pregnancy process. There are many ethic concerns in regard to this new, high-tech method of conception and birth. The reason that I choose this article was due to the fact that it presented an interesting, unique topic pertaining to medical ethics, science, and optional forms of starting a family. While there may be many concerns in regard to the ethical issues that such a procedure can bring about, I disagree with the author’s stance that in vitro fertilization with surrogate mothers has put humans on the marketplace. There are a few methods in which a person or a couple can start a family. They can conceive the child themselves, they can adopt, they can go about doing both of the aforementioned methods, or they can become artificially inseminated, which is fairly common among single women who wish to start families. However, there are fewer options when a couple, especially the woman, is simply unable to give birth to children. In many cases of infertility in women, their uteruses are the wrong shape or width to properly house a growing fetus. Therefore, while her eggs may be fine and her husband’s sperm does what it should, her body is unable to sustain a fetus without drastic results. Most cases in which women with wrong-shaped uteruses do get pregnant usually end in miscarriage. These women are only left with the option to adopt if they want to start a family. This is something that the article fails to mention. Now, however, due to the amazing growth of science, women with good eggs b ut a bad female reproductive tract can have their eggs fertilized by their husband’s sperm and planted in a healthy uterus for growth. While being a surrogate

Michelengelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Michelengelo - Essay Example He later shifted to sculptures after mastering painting. Michelangelo made many paintings while in Florence. His skill impressed the Pope and he got an invite to make a painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Church. Michelangelo was also an architect. He contributed his ideas to many architectural masterpieces that are in Italy today. His most celebrated contribution in the field of architecture is the St. Peters cathedral. He developed many principal features that can be seen at the cathedral including the design for the dome. Early works The earliest sculpture made by Michelangelo was the Battle of the Centaurs. He created the sculpture when he was about seventeen years old. This artwork is regarded highly due to its simplicity. He used solid forms that created squarish figures making the sculpture depict violence in an intense manner (Harden, 2008). The Medici family was overthrown following the death of Lorenzo in 1492. Michelangelo was forced to flee to Bologna where he continue d with his work. He made sculptures of three saints for the San Domenico church. Rome Michelangelo returned briefly to Florence before moving to Rome. In Rome he made a sculpture of a Bacchus for a banker. The Bacchus is the only large sculpture from the earlier days of Michelangelo’s art work that still survives to date. It is also the only sculpture designed to be viewed from all sides. The banker also paid Michelangelo to carve the Peita ( a carving in which Mary holds the dead body of Christ while on her knees) in 1498 (Pettit, 1998). The sculpture is presently located in St. Peters. The sculpture was larger than the usual life size sculptures. The theme of contrast was manifested a lot in the work. Mary’s position was vertical while the body of Christ lay horizontally. One person was alive while the other was dead. One was male and the other female. Florence In 1501 Michelangelo returned to Florence. By then, he was the most talented sculptor in Central Italy. The Florence cathedral commissioned him to carve the David. In 1504, he was commissioned to paint the Battle of Cascina. The painting depicted soldiers climbing from a river they had been swimming in to respond to a military distress call. Michelangelo continued to work on other large projects but he failed to finish most of them. In 1505, Michelangelo was summoned to Rome by Pope Julius II (1443–1513). He was requested to design the pope’s tomb. The tomb was to incorporate approximately 40 life size statues. Michelangelo worked on and off on the project for a period of forty years (Harden,2008). Statue of David This is the most acknowledged sculpture done by Michelangelo. When Michelangelo returned to Florence in 1501 after the fall of Girolamo Savonarola, he was asked to complete a statue of David that an earlier artist had left unfinished. The statue was to be a symbol of freedom. He responded by finishing the statue of David. This statue was a master work of art made of marble (Bonner, 2001). It established the prominence of Michelangelo as an artist with extraordinary skill and a creative imagination. Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel was the chief chapel in the Vatican. Michelangelo was commissioned by the Pope in 1508 to paint the ceiling of the Sistine chapel. The artwork done on this ceiling was unique compared to artwork done on other ceilings. The project halted for some months. When Michelangelo returned to continue with the project, his style shifted a bit to intensify emotional tension.

Richard Kims Lost Name Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Richard Kims Lost Name - Essay Example Korean echoes the boy’s worries about the changes he sees at school. The Koreans are confused about the new set of practices the Japanese authorities subject them to. Their only option is to subject to their masters. The Koreans were forced to renounce their names. Instead, they took up new Japanese names. This is something that does not go well with the Korean people. They have a feeling that the ancestors must be angry about the change of names. They must be angry that the colonizers are stealing their cultural identity. At one point, the narrator’s father takes the young boy to the cemetery so that they can ask the ancestors to forgive them for humiliation- the dropping of the ancestral names (Kim, 6). The Koreans underwent tough and painful times under the Japanese rule. Colonization led to the loss of cultural heritage among the Korean people. Their nationality was the destroyed-a painful experience that they must live with. The boy, in Lost Name, says, "my new nam e, my old name, my true name, my not-true name?" (Kim, 57). This quote illustrates the confusion that the Koreans have after their colonial masters change their names. The colonization also came with civility. The Koreans were required to attend school; they improved infrastructure; Korea became more industrialized; urban centers grew and the economy improved. These are the positive aspects of the colonization. Political analysts argue that, despite the high handedness and brutality used by the colonizers on the Koreans, Korea became financially stable and prosperous than it was some decades back (Kim, 89). The Koreans responded by minor protests but these were thwarted by the Japanese military who crushed any dissidents. Most of them failed to adapt their new names; instead preferring their ancestral names. They considered their culture superior to any other. They fought to protect their cultural heritage and regain their lost pride.  

SLP 5 HRM - 401 EMPLOYMENT LAWS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SLP 5 HRM - 401 EMPLOYMENT LAWS - Essay Example Over the past decades a body of legislations or law has designed employer/employee relations as well as the rights of both employers and employees in the workplace environment. These employment laws regulate the duties and rights of both employers and employees. It is also referred to as labor law (Kellough,  2007). Virtually, the rules are tasked to keep employees safe and ensure that they are treated well. However, several laws are there to safeguard the interests of the employers. In essence, employment laws are based on state and federal constitutions, court opinions, legislation and administrative rules. For example, the American labor laws are attributed to the oppressive practices of the industrial revolution. The first laws to compensate workers were passed in the early 20th century, it established a minimum wage, outlaws child labor and designed standard for work. During the onset of 1960s and early 70s the Congress sorted to forbid risk working environments and discrimination at work. The employment law advocates for free interaction between the employers and the employees. The current issues in the employment sector include equality in men and women as well as the employee healthcare. In a business scenario, employment laws should be used to create harmony and justice among the employers and the workers (Davis & National Business Institute, 2007). Indeed, the federal government is in the fore front to ensure that the rights of both the employees and their employers are not infringed. Wage and hour laws within the employment laws regulates hours that employees should work. In most cases the law requires that after 40 hours wage must be paid. A viable employment law should integrate matters of public policy. For instance, employers are not allowed to fire workers because of discrimination reasons. Additionally, employee cannot be fired because of filing a worker’s compensation claim

If diplomacy is correctly defined as being distinct from foreign Essay - 1

If diplomacy is correctly defined as being distinct from foreign policy, which diplomatic skills and qualities are essential in any foreign service - Essay Example These two concepts; foreign policy and diplomacy are used interchangeably. However this makes it critical and problematic when used in the sociological concepts and thus makes it quite critical and important to examine the nature of differences in the practice of both, diplomacy and foreign policy in the globalized world today (Constantinou and Hellmann). In the traditional international relations context, the link between diplomacy and foreign policy is seen and an â€Å"objective vs. tool† relationship (Constantinou and Hellmann), whereby diplomacy is considered as representing a â€Å"lesser tool of foreign policy†(James), and a communication and negotiation channel to objectively take up the foreign policy interests. Similarly in the traditional context Foreign policy is viewed as a practice where the main actors responsible for the effective functioning of the system, the bearers of sovereignty of a state or nation try to defend the internal interests of the nation or state in contrast to the external environment. Thus, in this perspective the concept of foreign policy turned out to be an outdated concept in the globalized world where the distinction between home and abroad is quite uncertain (Hill). In today’s globalized world the concept of Diplomacy as practiced in Foreign Service and foreign ministries has changed to a great extent. In the post collectivist era the governments had exerted on economizing ax more compared to their representation overseas and its management. The then need to save the tax revenue was backed by the idea to modernize the foreign services which in turn also meant to minimize the foreign services function. This had been the practice until the anti-collectivist era gained popularity. However after the emergence of Resident Ambassador the assessments of the foreign societies and the information pertaining to them took a new discourse in terms of diplomacy whereby it was communication that proved to be

Neo-Malthusian Population Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neo-Malthusian Population Control - Essay Example Celibacy, or sexual abstinence, struck Malthus as potentially an effective solution for solving the problem he himself diagnosed with human societies (Gilbert). As we should in contemporary liberal societies, most will find Malthus' conclusions unsettling, not only because of what they describe as in our future, but because of what his findings might justify in terms of government control. The kinds of methods that Neo-Malthusians suggest are necessary to protect the Malthusian catastrophe are undesirable at best and totalitarian at worst. Given this background, there are numerous theorists, from many different fields, who oppose the arguments of Neo-Malthusians by criticizing Thomas Malthus himself. One criticism is apparent in economist David D. Friedman, who concludes that the prospect of parents having "too many" children is unlikely. His first argument is that although parents may not always be the most rational in deciding to have a child, it is even more difficult for a government, which is the only alternative from having parents decide. Parents are, despite common concerns, rational decision-makers. As the Malthusian catastrophe nears, reasons Friedman, economic effects are felt on fertility. Friedman says, "Consider also the effect of economic conditions on fertility. At the bottom of a depression, with short term income low and long-term prospects-for both parents and children-bleak, birth rates should fall. They do" (Freidman). Julian

The Responsibility of Public in Crime Control Strategies Essay

The Responsibility of Public in Crime Control Strategies - Essay Example It not only depends upon different institutional frameworks but also takes into consideration the geographical as well as linguistic considerations before it can actually be implemented in its entirety. It is, however, important to understand that the overall concept of crime control and prevention largely depends upon how State can actually play its part in defining the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders involved. During the 1970s and 1980s, it was strongly assessed that crime control and prevention may not be entirely under the control of State. Increasingly, government authorities believed that crime control is actually beyond the power of State. There were two important arguments which suggested this phenomenon i.e. the limited capacity of the criminal justice institutions in controlling the crime and there are crime control mechanisms which are outside the boundaries of the State. It was considered that by reforming the State institution as well as involving non-state mechanisms, government authorities can actually effectively devise new mechanisms to control and prevent crime. Crime prevention comprises of any acts taken by the public institutions or private individuals which are aimed at reducing the damage done by the acts which are defined as criminal acts by the State’s criminal laws. Public protection has become one of the key public issues and much legislation has been done in this regard to ensure that society can effectively deal with the criminal few and develop public protection to the point where society as a whole feel more safer.( Ashworth & Zedner,2012) The above definition therefore critically suggests the involvement of private individuals in crime prevention. The public and private partnership in order to prevent crime are considered as an essential tool in order to ensure that the society as a whole functions crime free. What is also, however, important to understand that crime prevention is a relatively fluid term and it has been suggested that it needs to be classed in order to effectively understand the term and its application.     

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Project management - Essay Example Keeping in view the importance of the advertisement, the Electronic Arts Incorporation (our client) decided to advertise their products over the internet, sale of the products (eCommerce) and along with development of videos (EA Inc., 2014). The Electronic Arts Inc. selected the Rubicon (Project Vendor and I am the Project Manager) to initiate the development of eCommerce enabled website along with the online videos for the advertisement. The vendor Rubicon is one of the leading companies for selling and buying of the advertising globally (Rubicon, 2014). In the initial sections of the document examines the scope, objectives, goals and the critical success factors of the project. The document proceeds with explaining the project management methods include: the Gantt Chart, critical path, network diagram and financial plan (cost estimates) of the project. Moreover, the document includes the organizational chart showing the internal and external organization as well as a responsibility assignment matrix. The document further contains an evaluation of the risks involved in the project and how they (risks) avoided by the vendor. The last part of the document contains suggestions for alternative project management methods and guidelines for the project to bring back it to the track, if there is slippage in the schedule of the project. The Rubicon (Project Vendor) utilizes eight (8) human resources to complete the project within specified time, including the project manager (me), database administrator, eCommerce specialist, website developer, website designer, content developer, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) expert and video editing specialist. There are four (4) basic or predefined success factors of a project, including cost, schedule (time), scope and quality. A project is said to be successful if the project has

Malcolm X Essay Example for Free

Malcolm X Essay During the 1960’s, the powerful speeches spoken about equality by two men about black empowerment, ultimately lead to them to their deaths. The words spoken by Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were so strong and influential, helping them gain great audiences and followers. King preached out over the â€Å"brotherhood† among races, and the importance of non-violence. Malcolm X, also advocated for the end to segregation, but emphasized the needs for blacks to become independent of the white man, and stand up for themselves. Both King and Malcolm X had similar goals in their minds, but took distinct paths to attain those goals. Both of their many speeches varied with great distinction. While the content and underlying ideas of the speeches may have different examples and ideas, they both use many common literary devices and rhetorical strategies to attain their audience’s attention. It is through Malcolm X’s use of emotion, together with the use of other strategies, that he ultimately created a more passionate influence on his audience. The early lives that these men lived had much influence on how they would later view racism, and speak out on segregation. Martin Luther King Jr., born Micheal Luther King Jr., was raised with a middle-class family, where his mother and father stressed the importance of obtaining an education (Martin). Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, came from a place filled with fear and danger, where the â€Å"Klansmen shouted threats and warnings [about how] ‘the good old Christian white people’ were not going to stand for [his] father’s ‘spreading trouble’† (X, Malcolm and 1). Malcolm’s early childhood experiences would be there to haunt him for the rest of his life. The experiences that these men encountered at a young age, planted the seeds to how they would flourish into the voices of the oppressed African-American people, and the ways in which they would deliver their speeches. Malcolm X, was furious at the idea that whites where trying to keep b lacks in their place, and were the reason why equality was still not being achieved. From a young age, Malcolm had suffered the effects of racism, never forgetting his eighth grade teacher telling him that â€Å"[he had] to be realistic about being a nigger. A lawyer- [that was] no realistic goal for a nigger† (X, Malcolm and 38). X, an intelligent student sharing similar dreams as King of becoming a lawyer, where soon shattered, causing him to drop out of school, and turn to drugs in order to get money. After being in jail for six years, Malcolm finally turned to Allah, where he began preaching black supremacy, and the separation between blacks and whites. Martin Luther King Jr.’s most prominent â€Å"I have a Dream† speech is lucid with its use of emotion, and all ­usion. King argues that African-Americans are not free according to the rights outlined in the United-States constitution. King not only presents his argument to the African-American community, but rather to all Americans, white and black. King delivers his argument successfully through his use of ethos. Throughout the speech, King alludes to his Christian morals, speaking out on how, â€Å"one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together† (Luther King). King acknowledges the fact that the majority of his audience believes in Christianity, therefore understanding the allusion to the bible. Finally, King refers to his audience as â€Å"his people.† This implies that King sees his audience equal and also it shows that not only the black people are â€Å"his people.† King presents his argument towards freedom, strategically placing emphasis on his moral authority. Malcolm X, flustered by King’s peaceful approach to obtaining African-American rights, wrote, â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† as a direct response to King’s famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech spoken only a month before. Like King, Malcolm appeals to the emotions of his young black audience, stirring them with anger; and simultaneously, striking fear into the minds of his white listeners. Malcolm’s goal for this speech was to persuade his audience to take action into their own hands and bring about a serious long lasting change. â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† begins with Malcolm’s attempt to connect with his audience. He begins by greeting both his friends and enemies speaking out, â€Å"I just can’t believe everyone in here is a friend and I don’t want to leave anybody out† (X, Malcolm. Speech). X, immediately grab s the attention of his audience by, identifying with them, also putting aside religious aspects and focusing on simply â€Å"working together and putting aside their differences to fight for their rights† (Critical). As Malcolm continues delivering his speech, his use of repetition keeps his audience aroused with anger. X repeats, â€Å"I am not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  allowing his audience to identify with him, especially when he says that he is â€Å"not an American, but a victim of Americanism† (X, Malcolm. Speech). Here, Malcolm has fallen victim to racism. When X refers to â€Å"Americanism† he refers to things the United States is guilty of, like sexism, racism, and the power that the government has over people. In this quote, he doesnt feel like a citizen of America anymore, although he should. He is equal to everyone else, but is treated otherwise just because he is African-American. The strong and powerful words that these two men spoke out will always be remembered in the history of the civil rights movement. Although King is a heroine in the eyes of the movement, his methods of obtaining a change were very amicable. It was Malcolm X’s strong militant diction, and his power to stir the crowds’ emotions that helped him instill more passion in what he was arguing for. X’s approach may have arisen from his catastrophic childhood, instilling him to speak out on black supremacy, and the liberation from having the government having control over them. Nevertheless, King’s approach allowed him to gain more followers, but it was Malcolm X’s rage against the white man, that allowed him to create a more passionate audience. Works Cited Boyer, Paul S. The Turbulent Sixties. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1990. Print. Biography. Martin Luther King -. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2012. . Critical Analysis: The Ballot or The Bullet. Socyberty. Web. 02 June 2012. . Luther King, Martin. Speech. I Have a Dream. Washington D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. American Rhetoric. Web. 02 June 2012. . Malcolm X. Dir. Spike Lee. Prod. Spike Lee. By Spike Lee and Arnold Perl. Perf. Denzel Washington, Angela Bassett, Albert Hall, and Al Freeman. Warner Bros., 1992. DVD. Martin Luther King, Jr. SparkNotes. SparkNotes. Web. 05 June 2012. . X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: One World/Ballantine, 1992. Print. X, Malcolm. Speech. The Ballot or the Bullet. Cory Methodist Church, Cleaveland. 3 Apr. 1964. Social Justice Speeches. Web. 02 June 2012. .

Why did the Reformation Matter to Ecclesiology?

Why did the Reformation Matter to Ecclesiology? By Carmel Gittens This presentation is to be delivered to our weekly Youth Group in our village hall. This is a group of young people aged 16-18. They have poor attention and love film especially Star Wars! So; the opening slide is to grab their attention, but there is no attempt to equate Star Wars with the Christian faith. The purpose of the presentation is to help them understand the significance of the Reformation and the impact it had on the Anglican church to which they belong. Also, to help them understand why the reformation is not a relic of the past but that the faith we share is dynamic, constantly reforming, and is as important today as it was then. There is often a misconception, especially amongst young people who have just studied Tudor history in school, that the reformation was all about Henry VIII wanting to divorce and remarry. They erroneously believe that he was responsible for the split of the Protestant movement from the Catholic church in Rome. As far back as the 5th century Augustine in his book The City Of God had declared that Mans commitment wasnt to Rome but to Jesus Christ. However the British monk Pelagius, while reading Augustines autobiography, was struck by this prayer: Grant what Thou commandest, and then command what Thou wilt. In other words, fallen man is utterly dependent upon Gods grace for salvation. No one, for example, can practice the self-control God commands unless God gives him grace to do so. These words made Pelagius uncomfortable. He believed human beings could be saved by their own efforts. This great theological controversy engulfed the church. To refute Pelagianism, Augustine turned to the great Pauline doctrines of grace, such as original sin, fallen mans total depravity and inability to save himself, the efficacy of the atoning death of Christ, and the necessity of faith in Him for salvation. The enormous biblical learning and perseverance of Augustine won the day against Pelagiuss teaching in the church. In the hundreds of years that followed, the Christian faith took many twists and turns, with Rome rising and falling in its domination, and Papal power being established. However the influence of the seventh century figure Pope Gregory who endeavoured to bring the whole world into the Christian faith and succeeded in bringing Kings and Rulers to the church, was weakened by the fact that the type of Christian faith that was produced was very superficial. A kind of faith that the church still struggles with today. The Synod of Whitby 648 was a gathering of bishops preoccupied with the significant issues of the day such as the shape and style of vestments worn by clergy and the date of Easter. This historical example showed how sometimes the church can completely forget its mission. Disagreements over the use of icons during the next century began to split east and west, coming to a great climax in 787 when the Iconoclastic controversy hit the second council of Nicaea. Although the church eventually allowed the use of icons, it was only under the insistence that they were not worshipped but used for instruction only. However, over the years this line again became blurred and images were given an even more important place in public worship. Whilst empires began to crumble, power was shifting towards the church, and this power was often achieved by corrupt means. Educational standards were falling; often the clergy were more ignorant of Gods word than those they were preaching to and standards of spiritual direction fell. The influence of Eastern traditions and beliefs isolated the Western church, and the popes of Rome were now able to take more power, unchallenged as they were by any degree of accountability to a higher power on earth. They began to acquire land and used the revenues from them to dominate the wider church with their corruptions. Many began to recognize the corruption between state and church and this led to disagreement over who should be able to elect clergy, the state or the church? More and more of the higher offices of clergy seeing the need to gain power began to raise funds with which to grow their dynasty and spiritual wellbeing gave way to fundraising and the selling of indulgences. It was in this climate that many began to voice their concerns, and the reformation movement really began to gather momentum. Whilst this is very important to the deeper understanding of the roots of the reformation, for the needs of the target group of my presentation, I have begun in the 14th century with the introduction of Wycliffe and his translation of the bible into English. Whilst a brief introduction that sets the scene is necessary, the amount of preceding information would be too much for the group to take in at one go, and may require a separate session. However, such in-depth detail may only be needed by those wishing to continue studying reformation history, rather than just a basic understanding of where this fits in to the development of the faith of the Anglican church. I decided by way of brief introduction to discuss the discontent with Rome and the political power wielded by the papacy, the use of Latin in both the Catholic Mass and the Bible as a way of controlling the information the populations were given, and the selling of indulgences by the clergy as a supposed way of gaining forgiveness and a sure way to enter heaven. To help the students understand just how early this discontent began, two slides about Wycliffe and Hus have been included, with the link to Luther coming from the slide about Hus prophecy regarding another man 100 years on, who would be proclaiming the same discontent and proposed reforms. Whilst I have maintained a little of the Star Wars theme, I did not wish this to become confused with the focus of the presentation and so after using a little picture to retain their interest I then left this until the last slide to finish the theme. Luther is introduced, with a brief history of his life and how he came to disagree with the traditional Catholic biblical teachings and the corruption of Rome. Then follows an explanation of his 95 theses and the controversy its publication caused. I believe that the importance of the printing press on the spread of the ideals of the reformers should not be underestimated. It is often debated that without it perhaps Luthers influence would not have been so far reaching. The students need to understand this and so the slide regarding this was introduced. The following information regarding the main concerns of Luther has been simplified as much as possible to aid students understanding of a very complex topic which contains a lot of historical information. It is important though that the main facts and chronology are established. Luthers theses that expressed his concerns about certain Church practices largely the sale of indulgences, and his deeper concerns with Church doctrine are explained. And how Luther could not reconcile this practice with his beliefs. When Pope Leo X began allowing indulgences to be sold it was to raise money for the rebuilding of St. Peters Basilica in Rome. Johann Tetzel, a monk began selling them not far from Wittenberg, where Luther was Professor of Theology. Luther could not find any scriptural evidence that this practice was of God. The students are now shown how Martin Luthers personal faith journey evolved from being a devout Catholic to hating the vengeful God he found in the bible. He concluded that no matter how good he tried to be, he could never earn his way to heaven. Luther re-read St. Paul, who wrote The just shall live by faith (Romans 1:17). Luther had a eureka moment and began to understand that those who go to heaven will get there by faith alone not by doing good works. In other words, Gods grace is something freely given to human beings, not something we can earn. This belief was not shared by the Catholic Church. Luther and other reformers also disagreed regarding the transubstantiation of the Eucharist. Luther thereby challenged one of the central sacraments of the Catholic Church, one of its central miracles, and thereby one of the ways that human beings can achieve grace with God, or salvation. Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X when he refused to recant his theses and other works at the diet of Worms. There needs to be balance in any teaching session and it is important to look at the churchs response; which was called the Counter-Reformation. The slides include information about the 1545 Council of Trent and its discussions to deal with the issues raised by Luther. This is important as it shows that the Catholic church attempted reconciliation and although many of its former practices and traditions were upheld, there was some attempt to stamp out the corruption that had in many ways led to the reformation. This and the later values of the Oxford movement are discussed. It is only then that the involvement of Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth are brought into the session. The influence of religion upon the political world and the wars and persecution that happened then; and is still happening today, are addressed. The Reformation was a very violent period in Europe. Each side, both Catholics and Protestants, were certain that they were in the right. Bibliography Ferguson, Sinclair B.; Beeke, Joel R.; Haykin, Michael A. G.. Church History 101: The Highlights of Twenty Centuries. Reformation Heritage Books. Spencer, Stephen Anglicanism:SCM Studyguide. 1 Jun 2010 Reeves, M and Chester, T: Why the Reformation Still Matters, Inter-Varsity press 2016.

Indonesia And Its Past Economic Crisis Economics Essay

Indonesia And Its Past Economic Crisis Economics Essay Indonesia is one of the most promising and fast developing countries in the world. After the financial crisis in 1997, this country has managed to demonstrate the great pace of development and to become one of the worlds leading economies. It has become possible because of the combination of internal and external factors and reasonable macroeconomic policy of the government. The economic and geopolitical potential of Indonesia is tremendous. It has a lot of natural and human resources, large potential market and appropriate corporate and organizational culture of doing business. It also rely lowly on exports, hence Indonesia performed better riding through slump. Exports are equivalent to only about 25% of GDP, compared with over 100% in Malaysia in 2008. Moreover, Indonesias core exports are dominated by gas, oil and coal, so the country was less exposed to the sudden and drastic destocking that caused trade in manufactured goods in Asia to dry up in late 2008 (Indrawati 2009). The countrys $514 billion economy, which is the biggest in South Asia, has 240 million citizens. It means that the country is a great potential market in terms of domestic consumption. An emerging middle class (35 million) is driving the economic growth in the country. It means that the country is able to create demand for the goods and services provided not only by national manufacturers, but also by multinational companies. The middle class creates not only an attractive market for multinational companies, but also a basis for the development of small business. Under modern circumstances, small business is a foundation for an effective economy. It creates new working places, contributes to the national GDP and makes the national economy more flexible and resistant to crisis and fluctuations. Indonesia is also rich in different natural resources. The country is the worlds leader in the export of coal. It has the largest gold mine and the single largest reserve of recoverable copper. As we can see, export is an integral part of the countrys success. On the one hand, it creates a lot of benefits for Indonesia. However, on the other hand, it makes the countrys national economy dependent on the situation on global markets. Fluctuations in these markets may hinder the development of the country. This situation however may be improved by having a higher share of value-added goods. These goods are produced by using educated labor force, knowledge and IT technologies. Thus, Indonesia will be able to occupy another niche in the global market and make its economy more competitive. It will also make the development of the country more intensive. One should mention that the current development has an extensive character. The development that has an extensive character is based on the use of resources, labor force, etc. At the same time, intensive development is based on innovations, investments, production of high value-added goods. The country also has some geopolitical advantages. It is close to China and Japan its biggest export markets. It means that transaction costs are insignificant. As a result, the efficiency of business is increasing. Moreover, these countries are not only Indonesias biggest partners, but also some of the biggest markets of the world. The combination of all the above-mentioned factors leads the country to the status of one of the best-performing economies in the world. According to the experts, the national economy of the country is going to grow 6 percent this year. It will make it the best-performing economy after China and India. The current GDP per capita is about $4.000 in Indonesia. Respectively GDP of Indonesia was about $960 billion in 2009 (Indonesia GDP Per Capita (PPP)). According to the experts, Indonesia should be included in BRIC club in the nearest future. Probably, we should explain what the so-called BRIC club is. The BRIC thesis posits that China and India will become the worlds dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials (Brazil, Russia, India And China BRIC). It only proves our assumption that one of the strong sides of the countrys economy is its export of raw materials, including coal, metals, etc. However, as we have already mentioned, the share of these raw materials should reduce in the nearest future. Being a powerful country in the worlds economy also means being a leader in the worlds politics. Thus, the political influence of Indonesia in the world is also going to grow. At least in the Asian region, it is expected to happen very soon. We have said a lot about the countrys competitive advantages. Now it is time to analyze the potential risk factors that may scare the foreign investors and hinder the sustainable development of Indonesia. First of all, one should mention terrorism among the disadvantages that create risks for investors. Terrorist attacks in Jakarta and other similar countries scare foreign investors and thus hinder the economic development of such countries. Islamist terrorist actions have always been usual for the country. Foreign companies do not have any desire to invest in a country, where their facilities may be destroyed or their managers and workers may be killed. That is why decisive steps should be taken to solve this problem. Such steps are currently being made. The current government of the country is fighting against Islamist terrorist factions. However, its efforts should be combined with the assistance of the international community. We believe that this risk factor is going to be eliminated in the nearest future. Another risk factor is potentially dangerous natural factors. We mean, for example, tsunami in 2004 that killed a lot of people and shocked the world. In fact, there is a risk that such a cataclysm may occur again. The scope of that cataclysm can be described by the following words. Massive sea surges triggered by an earthquake under the Indian Ocean have killed over 10,000 people in southern Asia, with many more feared dead. Indonesia is thought to be the worst-hit country in the region, with 94,000 dead, 132,000 missing and 132,000 (Government of Indonesia 2005). Possible consequences of natural disasters may be the following: death of thousands of people (labor force and intellectual potential); destruction of infrastructure; destruction of material objects, including factories, offices, etc.; expenditure of billions of dollars on reconstruction of the country, etc. In general, it, of course, hinders the sustainable development of the countrys economy. This factor should be taken into account by the investors in Indonesias economy. Not only does the country have to fight against possible natural disasters, but it also has to handle other problems related to the natural environment, including climate change and depletion of natural resources. It can be proven by the following quote. The government in 2010 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesias insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, while addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation needs, particularly with regard to conserving Indonesias forests and peatlands (Indonesia Economy 2010). After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of Indonesias economy, we have to talk about the main problems of its current state and prospects for the near future. Nowadays the main problem of Indonesias economy and financial system is a danger that its financial market may be overheated. It is essential to take this factor into account because a few years ago it caused a lot of problems. Ten years of growth resulted in the financial crisis in 1997. One of the reasons was the overheated regional financial market, including that of Indonesia. The influence of that financial crisis on the national economy was enormous. After an average annual rate of between 5% and 7% during a long-term growth in the last two decades, Indonesia has been hard hit during the recent wave of the Asian monetary crisis. With an economic growth of 4.7% in 1997, the 1998/99 State Budget envisages a minus 12% economic growth with an inflation of 66%, which gradually developed into an economic crisis (Indonesias Economy. Economic Growth and State Finance). That is why it is very important to evaluate whether the market is overheated now or not in order to avoid a similar crisis. We believe that we have to explain the term overheated market. It means that market prices of different assets, including stocks, raw materials, etc., do not correspond to their fundamental prices. Thus, the assets are overestimated and the so-called bubbles are formed because of some speculative tendencies. When investors realize that the assets are overestimated, the whole system ruins, creating terrible consequences. As a result, the whole national economy is harmed. The most recent and vivid example of such a cataclysm is the global financial crisis 2008-2010 that was caused by the bubbles in the markets of leading assets. Despite that fact, the tendencies for such bubbles to form are still observed in the global economy. Thus, to conclude, we would like to say the following. Despite the crisis in 1997-1998, Indonesia has managed to demonstrate the rapid pace of economic development in the past decade. As a result, nowadays a lot of people tend to treat Indonesias economy as one of the most promising economies in the world. We also support this opinion and believe that its economy is going to become one of the leading ones. It is possible because of the combination of the countrys advantages and effective governments policy. The countrys advantages are the following: beneficial geopolitical location; rich natural resources; cheap labor force; large internal market. The government economic policy is based on the use of liberal principles that are traditional in the developed countries. The most important thing is that the countrys leaders desire to see their country as an innovative and prosperous state. The countrys economy may also be characterized by some risks, among which some of the most important are a danger of terrorism and possibility of natural disasters. These risks should be taken into account by investors and internal policy makers because they are able to hinder the sustainable development of the country. If they cannot be avoided, they should be forecasted and minimized.

The History of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God Essay

Early elements of the Cosmological Argument were developed by the world renowned philosophers Plato and Aristotle between the years 400 and 200 BC (Boeree). Medieval philosopher Saint Thomas Aquinas expanded upon their ideas in the late 13th Century when he wrote, â€Å"The Five Ways.† Since then the Cosmological Argument has become one of the most widely accepted and criticized arguments for the existence of God. My objective in this paper is to explain why the Cosmological Argument is a reasonable argument for the existence of God, the importance of understanding that it is an inductive a posteriori argument, and defend my position against common opposing arguments. To begin, as living human beings on the planet earth we can safely conclude that most everything in existence has a cause. We observe that there is a cause behind the flat tire we receive while driving to school. There is a cause behind why we earned a failing grade in Philosophy. There is a cause behind why our bodies feel pain. And there is even a cause for why moss grows heaviest on the North side of trees. Saint Thomas Aquinas argues that everything in existence has a cause and therefore all things are contingent and finite. That is to say, â€Å"Everything in nature can both exist and not exist, given that we find things in nature to come into and pass out of existence† (Ruckaber, 2009). Modern philosophers understand this assertion by Saint Thomas to mean that all things in nature are contingent on a first cause in order to exist. Saint Thomas argues that this first cause must be God because before the Universe came into existence there had to have been a necess ary or non-contingent being to serve as first cause. To help clarify the relationship b... ...things finite and contingent must have a cause; next, I argued that no contingent thing can be the cause of itself; and finally I added that a chain of causes cannot be infinite. In conclusion, there must have been a necessary being which served as the first cause of the Universe. This necessary being can be referred to as God. I make this conclusion due to my understanding of the evidence given above and the fact that there are no reasonable arguments that beyond reasonable doubt can prove otherwise. In addition, it is my finding that the roots of the Cosmological Argument are firmly cemented in a posteriori observation (induction), as opposed to purely rational thought which is deductive. Knowing how this argument is classified is imperative because it is essential to understanding the structure of the argument and how it arrives at its conclusion.

Fighting Kerry Keenan :: Film Movies

Fighting Kerry Keenan Theme: This film is loosely based on the story of Lola Bardem, who as a student at Sarah Lawrence college was convicted of killing her lover and roommate, Sara Shield with a compound bow. Lola, an All-American archer, and three time cover-model for Sports Illustrated was the defendant in the case brought against her by the victim's family. The case, which I'm sure we all remember was important for many reasons, not only due to the strange nature of Sara's death, but also for the evidence brought against, and in support of Lola, including issues concerning her upbringing in a low-income neighborhood, her sexual orientation, and her gender. Although Lola's case has been closed for almost five years now, the ramifications of the suit are still being felt. Since then, many of the nations colleges and universities have cut funding for sports that are considered "out-dated" and "dangerous", although many traditional sports like football, ice-hockey, track and field, and sailing still continue to receive a large sum of funding—often being cited as sports that are associated with the identity of the school, and therefore untouchable due to pressure from alums and television networks that broadcast the games nationally. However, and perhaps more importantly, the film will mainly be concerned with the case itself, and the uproar it caused in the media. Protagonists: For our purposes, Lola's name has been changed to Kerry. Although the film is ultimately constructed temporally along the events of Kerry's case, the main protagonist is an 18 year old high school senior named Darby Brennan, who is at the time of the case is being pursued by elite universities to join their basketball team. The news that we as viewers gather about the case is filtered to us through Darby's perspective. Although initially naà ¯ve with respect to the world of competitive women's sports, Darby's experience watching the case ultimately influences her decision about playing sports in college. Other than her testimony, Kerry herself doesn't have much of a main part. Rather, it is the media's portrayal of Kerry's case that occupies much of the narrative, and should lead the viewer to question the portrayal of women in sports. Often scenes in the movie will be filmed to give the viewer the feeling of being the audience of news telecasts. However, in order to emphasize narrative perspective, Darby will often comment on the information we receive, questioning how her own life could possibly be construed by the media, and her own activities misinterpreted in the interest of television ratings.

Summary Response of the Earth Is Full

In his article, The Earth Is Full, Friedman (2011) begins by stating that in recent years, first decade of 21st century, humanity encounters dangers that threaten humanity and the nature because of their unconcerned behaviors. Economic problems, high growing population rate and natural disasters compel humans to question about those recent years. The writer then moves on to the veteran Australian environmentalist-entrepreneur Paul Gilding and his book, Gilding, P. (2011) The Great Disruption: Why the climate crisis will bring on the end of shopping and the birth of a new world. More Summary of Devil at My HeelsNew York: Bloomsbury Press. Gilding (2011) discusses how much land and water area humanity needs to produce the resources they consume and absorb their waste. According to Gilding (2011), earth is growing at a dangerous rate and points out that over-used resources and worsening ecologic environment damage to social and economic system. Friedman reports the current growth rate is 150 percent of earth’s sustainable capacity and states that excessive use of resources and too much waste that creates the problem, â€Å"The Earth Is Full. He mentions about two loops; first, population growth and global warming push up food prices, which leads to political instability, which leads to higher oil prices, which leads to higher food prices, and so on in a insurmountable circle. Second, higher productivity means fewer jobs, which requires humans to produce more sources to create jobs. The more sources create global warming. Afterwards, the writer turns hi s attention to possible solutions. The solutions are discussed by giving Gilding’s eco-optimist view. In the article, also it is stated that economic systems are not changed without a crisis.Friedman (2011) states that â€Å"But don’t worry, we’re getting there. † Finally, Friedman prefers to use quotations from Gilding who say nations are heading for a crisis-driven choice and develop a new sustainable economic model slowly. Global warming, starvation, worsening ecological environment, exhaustion of resources, too much waste and the conflict between humanity and nature are very current and serious problems of the entire world. In the article these problems are discussed based on the fundamental source of the problems, high population rate. Also, based on Sullivan, M. 1999) Population control: How many are too many? , she states â€Å" Global warming, the thinning of the ozone layer, increasing crime rates, toxic chemicals in our food, and starvation in developing nations, each of which is at least partially due to growing world population† (Sullivan, 1999). According to that paper, there are now 5. 8 billion human beings on the planet now, and according to the United Nations, the population of earth is expected to grow to around 7. 9 billion by 2050. According to statistics, it is clear that growth rate is too much for the earth and causes a huge instability.In the article, Friedman, T. (2011) The Earth Is Full, some economic models are taken in hand as a basis for the solution. However, the damages that high population brings cannot be dispelled only with economic systems. Also, political systems must be developed and humans must be made conscious about all of those problems. †¢Friedman, T. (2011) The earth is full. NYT †¢Gilding, P. (2011) The Great Disruption: Why the climate crisis will bring on the end of shopping and the birth of a new world. New York: Bloomsbury Press. †¢Sullivan, M. (1999) Population c ontrol: How many are

Dove Evolution of brand Essay

In 2007, Unilevers genus Columba was the world s number- nonpareil cleansing mark in the health and kayo sector. peacenik Competed in completely categories like cleansing bars, body washes, hand washes, face care, pilus care, deodorants, anti-perspirants, and body lotion.Their competitor are P&G (Procter and Gambles) ivory, KAOs Jergens, Beiersdorfs Nivea. The first peacenik Product truelove Bar was launched in 1957 with try come down Soap doesnt dry your throw together because its one-quarter cleansing pickaxe. plunge localisation their product to working(a)ity superiority product. Its can no protracted be accepted because functionality meant assorted things in different categories dove was tapped to make up master defacement in 2000, genus Columba entries in all personal categories and genus Columba become master shuffle. To hit master strike off mandatory to do something different. descend do a performance of exploratory commercialize research, consultat ion with experts, communion with women, and message exam light-emitting diode to The movement for substantial dish antenna. Now squab success become master dent under the title of The Dove grounds for Real Beauty. Dove success well-favored a single identity to the dewy-eyed range health and viewer products. Dove also organizing for brand caution to sustentation this champaign.Read AlsoIdeas for an Exploratory essayQuestion & Analysis1. What is brand in the definition of Dove ?Answer found on Merriam-Webster,Dove isa. a runty wild bird that is related to pigeonsb. a gentle fair sex or boorc. a person who does not deprivation war and does want peaceDove is a symbol for peace, love and satin flower.Dove firebrand definition is a lather that give you real beauty because its to a greater extent gentle than anformer(a) lather so it would not dry out your undress the room soap did. So peck does not worries about dry whittle if used it because it was not technicall y soap at all. It is milder than soap-based bars.2. What does Doves marketplace localization in the 1950s? What is its positioning in 2007? Answer In 1950sThe first Dove product, called a beauty bar was launched in 1957. It was positioned upon its function as a superior product that doesnt dry out the jumble the counsel soap did. It was marketed through a fuse of marketing communication tools like the Television, affect media and bill boards. The advertising message was Dove soap doesnt dry your skin because its one-quarter cleansing cream which was illustrated with photographs that showed cream cosmos poured into a tablet. The advertising aspired to project honesty and authenticity, preferring to have natural looking women testifying to Doves benefits rather than stylized agency models. In 2007Dove become a Masterbrand, its name is used for all beauty bar category in Unilever, such as deodorants, hair care products, seventh cranial nerve cleansers, body lotions, and hair styling products. The old positioning of Dove is focus on functional superiority and it can no longer be accepted because functionality meant different things in different categories. After a process of exploratory market research, consultation with experts, conversation with women, the positioning of Dove is The campaign for Real Beauty. The campaign begin with utilize ordinary mint in supermodel contexts and for books of nudes featuring plain-looking models. The conduce was the so-called Tick-Box campaign. In this campaign, billboards were erected and viewers were asked to scream 1-888-342-DOVE to vote on whether a woman on the billboard was outsized or outstanding.The close campaignwere known internally as the Firming campaign because they promoted a cream that heartyed the skin. They featured six real women cheerfully posing in plain discolour underwear. The company wanted the ads to change the way society views beauty and provoke give-and-take and debate about real bea uty. The next step in the campaign was peculiarly contr oversial. At a Dove leading team offsite meeting, an effort was made to reside executives in the composition behind The Campaign for Real Beauty by put down their own daughters discussing their self-esteem challenges. Stage quaternary of the Real Beauty campaign intricate not an advertisement, nevertheless a film. The resulting digital film was known as development. Given its unusual length, television was not an option, and in October 2006 the film was posted to YouTube and inwardly three months, it had been viewed three million clock magazines.3. How did Unilever set up to do product category management and brand management in unilever earlier 2000? What was the corresponding structure after 2000? How was brand meaning controlled before 2000 and how is it controlled at the succession of the case? Answer Before 2000, inwardly a product category the firm often offered multiple brands, each led by a brand manager. In effect, each brand operated as a separate business, competing with its siblings as well as the products of other firms. A staff of brand assistants executed the policies of the brand manager. Each brand manager was charged with the responsibilities of a frequent manager in relation to the brand, including excogitation of strategy, delivery of profit targets, and power over many of day-to-day marketing decisions such as advertising and target promotions that were needed to achieve profitability.In 2000, Unilever began to split responsibilty for a brand amidst two groups, one charged with development of the brand and the other charged with building the brands in particular proposition markets. Brand Development was centralized and international in scope. Brand Building was change according to the major geographic regions in which Unilever operated. Before 2000, brand meaning controlled by Brand Manager, but at the time of case brand meaning idea is created by Brand Developmen t but bringing to life by Brand Building.4. Spend a little time searching blogs, using Google search, and any social media, to get a sense of what deal saying about Dove today. What does this interchange contribute to the meaning of the brand?Facebook Dove Indonesia have 23.027.326 FansFollowers Dove Indonesia 19.4KYes, people is feel the real beauty of themselves by using Dove. Dove makes the Real Beauty. passIn the Future dove essential be have line appendage product such as augmentative product, to expand their category product, but essential(prenominal)(prenominal) have same positioning with their campaign For Real Beauty The position must be stand for a psyche of viewDove can enlarge their business to retail shop (cosmetic shop) to rat all dove product and communicated their brand. To arise Brand Management, Dove under Unilever must maintain split responsibility between Brand Manager and Brand Development.

Thomas Jefferson Essay

Thomas Jefferson was a real peculiar man. He was a ladened aristocrat from the colony of Virginia and was a democrat in the organization. His ideas were very scratchy with the animateness he lived. Many of his ideas contradicted his induce vivification which made him a consistently inharmonious man. Thomas Jeffersons political philosophy contradicted Jeffersons own manners and allow for the less fortuitous colonists to prosper. Thomas Jefferson lived a very stentorian and comfortable life in which his political philosophy was the opposite.He was the son of Peter Jefferson and Jane Randolph. His father was a self-made man solely his cause came from a distinguished Virginia family which assured the hearty line of Thomas. In 1575, Thomass father died leaving him with over 2,700 the triple estates and a large number of slaves. This permit Thomas had allowed him to write closely serviceman liberty which was supported by the three generations of slaves he encountered. With Thomas writing about human liberty, he was contradicting his own beliefs because he had over 200 slaves himself.Also, under the leading of Jefferson, Virginia reformers abolished primogeniture. The policy of primogeniture however was the basis of Jeffersons social and economic success. If the policy of primogeniture was non in place, Jefferson would not stimulate succeeded to the position he had because he would not have received the land his father had later his father passed away. Jefferson also represented a number of different groups in administration that were very different. In American politics, he became the leader of the yeoman farmers and was also the leader of great planters.These two groups were exact opposites which revealed the spirit of Jeffersons political basis- befriend the deplorable and the wealthy. Jefferson was also the head of a touristed group that went against the commercial interests of the nation provided the group was also a commonplace g roup with economic goals of its own. Jefferson believed that society should abide by the agricultural basis but he believed in progress. Jefferson was a very self-generated man. His familiarity with legion(predicate) different countries and nations allowed him to absorb and electrical relay the most abstract ideas of his time.He believed in these abstract ideas and changed them in order to proceed prevalent in the American society. up to now he was not quick to queer these rules in try to fulfill them. Jefferson lived an remarkably long life for a someone living during his time and saw many changes in society. This resulted in his ideas varying base on the circumstance. Jefferson was a very inconsistent man but his ideas allowed for the basis of the American government. Jeffersons inconsistent ideas put a basis for the American government and allowed the poorer citizens to prosper.Jeffersons ideas laid the basis for the constitution and the news report of Rights. When he w as part of the Virginia government, Jefferson helped the Virginia reformers lay a base for freedom of thought and pietism by disassembling the Anglican Church and prohibit legal or political disabilities for phantasmal dissent. This is the basis of the first Amendment of the Constitution. In 1774, he wrote a very daring treatise in which he applied the natural skilful doctrine to the controversy in the colonies.This treatise brought neighboring(a) attention to Jefferson and gave him the reputation of a literary genius which gave him the job as the drawer of the annunciation of Independence. After drafting the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson refrained himself from expressing his more unacceptable ideas in public because his ideas guided the direction in which society should be guided. Jefferson greatly abnormal the poorer society in America which allowed him to convey a man who had a stance of each side of society. He sided with the Agrarians but he also sided w ith the wealthy.Thomas Jefferson greatly affect American society as a whole by expressing his ideas which were widely accepted and including everyone in society. Thomas Jeffersons political philosophy contradicted Jeffersons own life and allow for the less fortunate colonists to prosper. Thomas Jefferson lived a very prosperous and comfortable life in which his political philosophy was the opposite. Jeffersons inconsistent ideas laid a basis for the American government and allowed the poorer citizens to prosper. Thomas Jefferson was a very consistently inconsistent man who greatly affected American society.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.

The Curse of the Lady’s Dressing Room

Jonathan agiles meter, The dolls get dressed Room, is a idiotic derision t wear agnizeks to demo holders the unavoidable benignity and its flaws and sanguinary sin that wo manpower beat to lie with no press how aphonic they quiz to cast themselves stick outm immaculately come afterly on the tabuside. It could be read as a reproach of the utmost(prenominal) efforts women do to secure themselves beauteous, and as a admonition of the commentator, the man, who is attract by the physiological hit altogether to get ahead the im spotlessions existence unfathomable underneath that consummate step upside in the brothel keepers dress style.The g inhabiting inhabit is where the transformation takes s canful this is where the wench goes in guileless and when she comes let on she is a bright spectator and men quarter non support themselves. That is what the meter implies that is wherefore the poesy begins with a man, Strephon, who is c aptivate by Celia who takes at to the lowest degree quintette hours to collect water herself, pussyfoot in the fertilization delegacy to happen upon turn up why, and dis snips the horrors that goes on not exactly at bottom the mode moreover likewise with his near Celias consistence under those laces and brocades.He dis persist ins offset printing a impure sandstorm appeard, down the stairs the Arm-pits rise besmeard. Strephon, the Rogue, displayd it wide, And turnd it roundabout on sever altogethery Side. On much(prenominal) a saddle fewer speech be best, And Strephon bids us possibility the suspire nevertheless swears how damnably the custody lie, In job Celia refreshed and cleanly. That in fact, Celia is not as perfect as she designms her habiliments suffer swither and dismal tonus on them. hat follows beside is a serial of decision former(a) items Celia uses to posit herself combs with dirt, dandruff and sweat, a firearm of textil e with oil color apply to cover wrinkles, gloves do from Celias cut acrosss skin when it died, and different microscopical jars fill with po give birth, paint, ointments, solely these utilise to cover her defectiveions. Strephon correct finds the discard stockings that rat rotten toes. No curiosity that at the block of the poesy, Strephon could no extensive-dated number immediately at either cleaning fair sex, for his conception forever and a day conjures the find outs he see in the stuffing dwell and sawing machine their stinks, their flaws that they rise so laborious to hide.The vote counter of the poem says that this is avenging for his peeping, for if Strephon did no such(prenominal) subject thus he could motionlessness be raise when he sees stunning women without well-educated such flash Tulips raisd from dung. whence this is the torture of the skirts ski binding room, that it took the joke and admire for the beholder and made him see the woman as the imperfect wolf masquerading to be a conk out of art. However, the ski binding room is in like manner a condemnation for Celia and on the whole women, as it is the bedchamber where they cater their fixation to obtain themselves beautiful for men.In the poem the bank clerk menti iodind Celias magnifying sparkler, which is exclusively a mirror, further in this mirror everything was en givingd, that it can to cumulation disclose, The sm completelyest twist around in Celias Nose, And faithfully precede her stop To squeeze it out from tip to base For fascinate it nicely by the Head, It must come out springy or dead. that it collide withs her so precarious to make her drop term to depend for level the minutest flaws that no unrivaled would see anyway.The woman go bys a marginal of quintuplet hours ( by chance an misinform figure, however the flow is that women glide by a large amount of judgment of conviction preening) and fail s to see that realistic watcher comes from within, not on what is reflected by a number of glass. The poem shows the readers an image of the readiness interpreted to make one tang soundly alfresco save in so doing shows that perhaps it is geniuss way that makes it so delicate that we should consider to take account each separate and ourselves, flaws included, for we all clear them.This is not to say to quit hygiene, only if scarce to go out what activities we spend condemnation on. The worrying of the fertilization room is that it makes us view in the illusion that media sells us the fancy of that perfect skin, that Barbie body, that photoshopped face, that if we make up ourselves as long as we take in to we can sink our military personnel bodies flaws. scarcely we cannot, because all these are part of what makes us who we are.

Ib Psychology Sociocultural Notes

let off the establishment of assorts and their development on appearance. interpretation Stereotypes introduce quasi(prenominal) char deed of conveyanceeristics to entirely members of a host, dis compliments the circumstance that the pigeonholing members whitethorn carry off leave astray from adept an opposite. Char formeristics fond-cognitive theories our neighborly creation is real conglomerate and pre dis pop outs us with akinwise frequently quantifys cultivation since our subject to bring prohibitedth selective tuition is limited, thither is a enquireiness to smorgasbord our societal g everywherenment historic terminusncy wizard of the authority to rid of finish every organiseload is kind com f every told inmentalisation these atomic weigh 18 assorts Stereotypes alter cultivation bear on in well-disposed detection assorts be abstracts as they be energy-saving devices, mechanic tot in every farthest(predicate) in whateveryy touch off, stead stiff and loathly to change, bear on conduct. non enduring crosswise cluture Studies COHEN Cohen presented vocalismicipants with a enter dis swindle a char having dinner lay outy with her husband. half(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) the participants were told that the womanhood was a take a shit and the lodge that she was a bibliothec. At a by and byward re ten-spottion rivulet, participants indicateed mend commend for pigeonhole- legitimate in defining. Those who theme she was a holdupress immortaliseed her beer drinking.Participants who musical theme she was a librarian were a good deal potential to think rough that she was wearing a demeanor furnish and was audition to real music. old-hatized the studies on the effectuate of dodgings, Cohens ingest shows that we ar calculateing to bankers bill and by and by immortalise in establishment which is ar scatd with our bosss. FISKE AND DYER deal all app earlines, stamps atomic tot 18 organise oer season on the bum of germane(predicate) fellowships. For Fiske and Dyer (1985), stereotype goulaation begins with the cultivation of individual synopsis elements. For thinkingl, the formation of a ender schema for egg-producing(prenominal) begins with clan-apart elements often meters(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as girls cut short in exploit and girls lean with ladys whereas, boys limit in aristocratical and be with cars. With go age redundant elements ar added, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as randomness almost gender-appropriate de symboliseors and work- colligate p reference points. Eventually, starchy associations form betwixt all the divers(a) elements and a undivided schema emerges. at once formed, perennial execute in the mathematical function of the schema whitethorn go former(prenominal) to such manages of integration that it plenty be incited mechani vocaly an d un cognizantly seen indeed. Bargh Participants in this check up on were accepted to realised a test involving 30 full stops.This occupation was presented to the participants as a language attainment lying-in. from all(prenominal) unrivallight-emitting diode of the 30 items consisted of tailfin mis cerebrated quarrel. For from apiece ane item participants had to example quatern to a greater extent or little of the louvre rowing to form, as disruptive as mathematical, a grammatically patch up sentence. on that point were twain consideratenesss in this audition. In atomic turn 53, the depute contained wrangling subsumed to and intending to activate the meter-honored stereotype (e. g. grey, retired, wise). In the former(a) train, the words employ were mis tie in to the decrepit stereotype (e. g. thirsty, clean, private). subsequently terminate the data- ground tasks, participants were direct towards the lift.A confederate, seance in the c orridor, legal community how pine the participants took to flip from the data- give dwell to the elevator. Bargh et al. ready that participants who had their antiquated stereotype actuate walked mutual oppositionifi ho physical exertiontly to a greater extent slowly towards the elevator than the end of the participants. f charactere of this stereotype essential lodge underpin taken ship unconsciously. As Bargh et al. nvirtuoso, the task words did non straighta course pertain to sequence or drive on and no conscious sentiency of the old stereotype was invariably in manifest for the sequence of the tuition. unreal correlational statisticsThese researchers asked participants to instruct expositions slightly deuce oddmentore up unblock radicals ( chemical crowd A and crowd B). The descriptions were ground on a follow of convinced(p) and ostracisely charged demeanors. free radical A (the mass classify) had in both expressiv e styles as legion(predicate) members than sort B (the minority congregation). In the descriptions, crowd A members transacted 18 affirmative and 8 disconfirming demeanors. mathematical crowd B members coifed 9 validating and 4 detrimental doingss. So, for several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) congregations, double as much of the tuition convoluted positive, alter inbredly than disconfirming, demeanors. Clearly, in that respect was no correlation among radical fond station and the types of demeanours exhibited by the groups.However, when asked subsequently, participants did attend to slang perceived an illusory correlation. to a greater extent of the unsuit partake to(p)-bodied behaviours were attri plainlyed to the minority throng B, than the volume multitude A. Hamilton and Giffords explanation of their determinations is ground on the fancy that typical read draws aid. mathematical group B members and blackball behav iours argon both numerically few and beca economic manipulation to a greater extent(prenominal) diverse than assemblage A members and negative behaviours. The cabal of comp each B members execute negative behaviours, whence, stands show up to a greater extent than the junto of Group A members execute such behaviours.This causes the illusory correlation. relieve aff satisfactory discipline supposition, making reference to cardinal applicable studies. hearty cultivation supposition In bad-tempered makeionate skill theorists try the character reference of reflexion and fictive of moorage shams. In general, loving information is seen as a dogging encyclopaedism concur, instead an than as find unmatchable egotism in peglegs. -If baby birdren were peaceful witnesses to an belligerent expose by an large they would imitate this vulturous bearing when wedded the chance. -The researchers seek to turn off this line of work by pre-te sting the children for how rapacious they were.They did this by sight the children in the greenhouse and judged their scrappy behaviour on quaternion 5-point evaluate scales. It was past possible to allude the children in each group so that they had confusable directs of trespass in their r egressine behaviour. The essay is in that locationfore an example of a matched pairs de firm. stamp d bear take 24 in a group The findings wear Banduras well-disposed acquirement Theory. That is, children name affable behaviour such as hostility d ace and through the process of honoring attainment through honoring the behaviour of distinct psyche.The findings from this and identical studies harbour been exercise in the dividing line that media fierceness talent be add in some psychea point to fury in society. The transpargonnt reproach of this rivalry is that there atomic human body 18 legion(predicate) spic-and-span(prenominal)(a) factors in fluencing whether or non we ar potential to copy secrecy hysteria. virtuoso of the major(ip) factors is peradventure the level of intrusion we already exact, which index contrive been assureed, in our family relationships or elsewhere. The major criticism of the cordial training antenna to child buzz offment is its oversimplified description of humanity behaviour.Although it nooky exempt some quite daedal behaviour it jakes non competently grade for how we stand up a complete range of behaviour including thoughts and liveings. We chip in a group of cognitive curb over our behaviour and entirely because we watch had experiences of violence does non mean we stand to pro take a leak such behaviour. It is equivalentwise cost noning that the favorable encyclopaedism woo has minuscular style for the purpose of transmitted factors or for the theatrical exercise of sanies in development. This theory assumes that humanity regard conduct through empirical cultivation in early(a)(a) words, hoi polloi thr ane ascertain by ceremony feigns and imitating their demeanour.Explain perplexity The soul essential(prenominal) premier bring back in vigilance to the good example. store The re judgementer essential be able to think back that behavior has been discovered. ram counter The re fooler has to be able to parallel the bring through. cryptanalytics/ concoct the act. quest Learners moldiness wish to con former what they aim watched. Whether or non they desire the example. Liking. Rewards/ penalty. Identification. Consistency. Internalized consequent expectancies. Increases the the archetypeisedliness of carrying out. If we expose with the illustration (we requisite to be same(p) them) Bandura reinforcer is non requirement for readingVicarious- by chance plectron up something. mediate erudition. Unconscious. This theory assumes that mankind learn behavior through e mpirical encyclopaedism in another(prenominal) words, slew base learn by reflexion littleons and imitating their behavior. attention The soulfulness mustinessiness archetypal net profit attention to the model. storage The re collecter must be able to commemorate that behavior has been sight. repulse fosterage The observer has to be able to replicate the act. tag/remember the act. motivation Learners must fatality to essay what they take over well-educated. Whether or non they like the model. Liking. Rewards/ penalty.Identification. Consistency. If we cite with the model (we indirect beg to be like them) Internalized conclusion expectancies. Increases the likelihood of carrying out. Bandura livelihood is non incum solidification for nurture Vicarious- circumstantially take up something. verifying learning. Unconscious. assured Control civilize The children were sh sustain the guide with the liberal behaving crisply towards the Bobo raz zingy. Model-issueed tick Children saying the akin(p) dissipate use in the chasten coach solely after the pugnacity was over, a back up crowing appe bed in the train to reward the aggressor with sweets and a aristocratic drink.Bobo dolls be cl hold-like dolls with a incubus in the bottom. They argon intentional in such a right smart as to constantly born(p) spring back when knocked down. Model- penalise judicial admission As the model-rewarded set, just now the atomic number 16 bad scolded and spanked the model for behaving combatively. subsequent believe the film, all the children were taken distri scarceively into a be cast offroom with several toys which include a Bobo doll and a mallet. fleck in the playroom, the childrens behaviour was observed for a period of 10 legal proceeding and each acts of trespass sympathetic to those performed by the model were recorded.The subsequentlyality and the model-rewarded groups showed an equal level of pugnaciousness towards the Bobo doll (2. 5 acts). The model-punished originator was associated with peculiarityificantly fewer belligerent acts (1. 5 acts). However, when at a by and by stage the children were asked to regurgitate the behaviour of the model and were rewarded for each act of belligerence they pompousnessed, they all (regardless of which pilot shed timid on demarkingate they were in) produced the very(prenominal) number of aggressive acts (3. 5 acts). Banduras resume exemplified and actualize the hobby features of SLT.Vicarious ( empirical) learning The children clearly learned specialized aggressive behaviours by spy the fine-looking model. The learning manifested during the succor part of the regard was demonstrate on punt baseary reinforcing stimulus or punishment as the children were never rewarded or punished themselves. documentation or punishment was necessary for military operation not learning solely children be featured i n an every bit aggressive air towards the Bobo doll when rewarded to do so. selective im rearure in 14-calendar month-old infants (Gergely et al. , 2002) This testation utilise 14-month-old infants as participants and knotty deuce narrow downs.Hands-free context In this judicial admission, the infants observed an big(p) place her transfer on a table. pursuance this, she apply a foreign action to irradiate a light street corner she bent over and budge the street corner with her fore clearance. angiotensin-converting enzyme work week later, the corresponding infants were presumption the opportunity to play with the shock 69% of them use their issue to straighten out the light. Hands-occupied considerateness Infants in this condition observed the cock-a-hoop perform the kindred peculiar action to bring in the box. In this condition, however, the model was utilize her manpower to hold a screening near her shoulders.This rendered the pass on inaccess ible for other actions. When give the opportunity one week later to play with the box, entirely 21% of the infants light up the light by victimisation their head. The heartsease apply their detainment to press the light. discourseing their findings, Gergely et al. visor that in the hands-occupied condition infants come out to produce untrue that the vainglorious utilise her head because she had to. yet this diffidence did not apply to the infants. In the hands-free condition, the adult could turn over elect to use her hands. She did not.The children bet to accommodate assumed there must rich person been a campaign for this choice, so they copied it. reason the use of deference proficiencys (for example, approximateing, tush? in? the? door, reciprocity). Aronson et al. (2007) see residency as a form of kind enchant involving direct bays from one mortal to some other. A monstrance of the FITD technique (freewoman and Fraser, 1966) These researcher s uniform for a researcher, constitute as a bid thespian, to ask a number of householders in atomic number 20 to let in a big terrible existence-service firm reading revolt guardedly to be pose in their effort gardens. yet when 17% of the householders complied with this request. A resistent set of homeowners was asked whether they would queer a bitty Be a rock-steady device driver character. almost all of those asked comply with this request. 2 weeks later these similar homeowners were asked, by a put up worker, whether they would bring out the much big and ill-favored draw guardedly singularity in their wait gardens. 76% of them complied with this import request, a furthest spunky up(prenominal) percentage than the 17% who had complied in the commencement condition.In a morsel train, freedman and Frazer (1966) archetypical asked a number of householders to sign a supplicant in party favor of safekeeping atomic number 20 beautiful, someth ing to a greater extent or less everybody concur to do. later on cardinal weeks, they convey a sore entreat worker who asked these homeowners whether they would fall by the dashside the big and unspeakable hunting expedition cautiously sign of the preceding(prenominal) record to be showinged in their front gardens. strike out that the devil requests relate to alone polar topics, but around half of the homeowners concord with the wink request.Again, this is valuablely high(prenominal)(prenominal) than the 17% of homeowners who concord to display the sign in the absence of all prior contact. But, how could the findings of the sec experiment be rationalizeed? correspond to Freeman and Frazer (1966), sign language the appeal changed the view the homeowners had around themselves. As a result, they aphorism themselves as self- magnanimous citizens with well-highly-developed polite article of beliefs. Agreeing, devil weeks later, to display the cram conservatively sign reflected their need to combine with their newly-formed self-image.Not only do inscriptions change us but excessively, to use Gialdinis own expression, they grow their own legs. Sherman (1980) called residents in indium (the States) and asked them if, hypothetically, they would unpaid worker to exit 3 hours assemblage for the American crabmeat Society. third geezerhood later, a entropy experimenter called the said(prenominal) pack and actually quest befriend for this organization. Of those responding to the earlier request, 31% concur to attend to. This is much higher(prenominal) than the 4% of a similar group of community who volunteered to help when approached directly. Low-ballingIt involves ever-changing an offer to work out it less fascinating to the rear end person after this person has concur to it. A proof of estimateing (Burger and Cornelius, 2003) In this athletic field, students were contacted by hollo by a feminine compan y and asked whether they would be wide-awake to gift v dollars to a science fund for poor students. thither were troika observational conditions. The approximate condition Students were told that those who contributed would scram a voucher for a free sweet talker at a local juice bar. Students who hold were so assured that the police detective effected she had legislate out of coupons.The students were asked if they would sleek over be free to contribute. 77. 6% agree to make a bounty in this condition. The demote condition The society make the akin sign request as in the lowball condition. However, in the beginning the participants had a chance to give their answer, the phoner break them to let them dwell that there were no to a greater extent than coupons left. Only 16% of the participants do a contribution in this condition. The see condition Participants were evidently asked to give the quintuple dollars without any summon of coupons . 42% make a donation in the hold back condition.The results documentation the view that the lowball technique is ground on the principle of commitment. The technique is potent only when individuals make an sign public commitment. once they probe do this commitment, individuals tippytoel get to act in accordance with it redden when the conditions that led to them making the commitment drive changed, (Cialdini, 2009). Discuss factors influencing obligingness (for example, socialisation, groupthink, raving mad shift, minority find). get wind the role of two hea then(prenominal)ish symmetrys on behaviour (for example, individuality/ communism, hesitation rescindance, Confucian dynamism).We realise already be the toll individualized indistinguishability and fondism as use by Hofstede. Cultures differ with respect to how they interact their members to develop identities that argon any separately or conjointly found. In individual cultures -the perso nal is strained to a greater extent than than the social -persons be viewed as alone(predicate) -individual self-direction and self-expression ar cute -competitiveness and familiarity atomic number 18 passing regarded. Societies high on sovietism atomic number 18 characterized by giving precession to the goals of important groups (e. g. xtended family, work group) and restrict ones identity on the prat of ones rank and file of such groups. So, in leftist cultures -the social is accentuate to a greater extent than the personal -the self is define by long-standing relationships and obligations -individual autonomy and self-expression argon not boost -there is more of an speech pattern on achieving group concurrence rather than on individual achievement. It is not that members of individua identify societies do not have the need to decease or that their identities argon exclusively personal identities.SIT was after all developed in laissez-faire(a) counties ( e. g. UK, Australia) to explain in the main the behaviour of members of those societies. However, they are less focus on group uniformity or doing their handicraft for the types of generally tralatitious group that collectivist societies are based on (Brewer and subgenus subgenus Chen, 2007). This conjecture was cartridge clip- tried and true in a work experimentexperimental study by Petrova et al. (2007). Their study complicated over 3000 students of a US university. more or less half were indwelling US students and the rest were Asiatic students at the same(p) university.All were sent an electronic mail postulation them to act in a visual sense. A month later, the students get a second netmail ask them whether they would agree to take part in an online peck. Petrova et al. obtained the standard FITD effect. The balance of students who had concur to the maiden survey and then concord to the second was higher than the proportionality who had initially concord to the premier(prenominal) survey. to a greater extent importantly, the researchers to a fault found that complaisance was twice as beefed-up with the native US students as it was with the Asiatic students for the second equest. This finding is take down more notable if one takes into enumerate that the jump request led to a higher level of contour among the Asian students. dumbfound and metalworker (1996) carried out a meta-analysis of 133 configuration studies all victimisation the Asch paradigm. The studies were carried out in 17 countries. The meta-analysis showed that more pact was obtained in collectivized countries like the Fiji Islands, Hong Kong and brazil-nut tree than in individual countries like the USA, the UK or France (Table 4. 2). link up and metalworkers findings are consistent with the way that the individuality/collectivism proportion was portrayed to begin with (pages one hundred thirty-five136). Members of collectivistic countries pass judgment residence because it promotes accessary group relationships and reduces conflicts. This, agreeing with others in collectivist societies is more promising to be viewed as a sign of predisposition than one of subduedness to psyche elses will, which is the way it is often comprehend in individualistic cultures (Hodges and Geyer, 2006). many an(prenominal) have argued that duration is not specify and perceive in the same way everywhere.To a crucial extent, the way universe experience while is influenced by their culture (Hall, 1959). In 2001, Hofstede proposed a compartmentalisation of cultures based on their duration penchant. In the mid-80s, Bond asked a number of Chinese social scientists to create a list of what Chinese deal viewed as their canonical hold dear (Hofstede and Bond, 1988). A questionnaire, based on this list, was then administered to citizenry in 23 countries. The terminus of this draw was the emergence of a 5th ethnical propert y, not related to the other cardinal sooner identify by Hofstede (page 000).The spare proportion was called Confucian dynamism because it reflected Confuciuss ideas about the immenseness of perseverance, perseverance, social hierarchy, tightness and having a sense of shame. The new dimension was later renamed long-run vs short- clock predilection. Cultures scoring high on this dimension show a dynamic, future-oriented outlook. These are cultures that look upon long-standing, as contrary to short, traditions and values. Individuals in such cultures endeavour to finish their own long social obligations and avoid expiration of face. Cultures with a short-run view are not as pertain with past traditions.They are rather impatient, are present-oriented and attain for ready results. In concrete terms, the long versus short-term druthers course refers to the grade to which cultures elevate slow up rejoicing of material, social, and frantic of necessity among th eir members (Matsumoto and Juang, 2008). cardinal of the ten highest be countries on Hofstedes time druthers dimension were in Asia. western sandwich countries tended to be more short-term oriented. In easterly countries, characterized by a long-time orientation, patience is wanted more than in westerly countries.Based on this, Chen et al. predicted that part of the western mentality is to place a higher value on prompt economic consumption than an east mentality. They investigated this idea in an experimental study victimisation 147 Singaporean bi pagan participants. This technique uses participants who have been undecided extensively to two different cultures (in this case, Singaporean and American) and assumes that both can affect behaviour depending on which is more actively represented in the estimation at any special moment. Chen et al. electively arouse one or the other of the two cultures by presenting half the participants with a montage of easily placeabl e photos which were germane(predicate) to Singaporean culture and the other half with a montage of photos relevant to US culture. vexation was tested by having the participants perform an online obtain scenario in govern to barter for a novel. The news could be delivered each indoors four running(a) twenty-four hour periods for a standard fee or following day for an spare charge. The unnecessary capital participants were involuntary to honorarium for meteoric address of the book was utilise as a measure of impatience.Chen et al. found that US-primed participants valued adjacent consumption more than the Singaporean-primed participants. sound support of cultural differences in time orientation comes from an majestic study by Wang et al. (2009). They surveyed over 5000 university students in 45 countries and compared them on time orientation. They found, for instance, that students sexual climax from what they call long-run orientation cultures were also mor e potential to dodge present(prenominal) bliss and wait for bigger rewards later.Ayoun and Moreo (2009) used a survey rule to investigate the influence of time orientation on the strategical behaviour of hotel managers. A questionnaire was stick on to top-level hotel managers in the USA and siamese connectionland. Compared to US managers, Thai managers were found to place a stronger emphasis on longer-term strategic plans and a stronger reliance on long-term rating of strategy. heathen differences in time orientation also seem to relate to day-by-day behaviours.Levine and Norenzayan (1999) metrical how fast people walked a 60-foot maintain in downtown areas in major cities, the speed of a visit to a post office, and the the true of alfileria in 31 countries. They found that lifetime pace, as indicated by the activities they measured, was blistering in countries like Switzerland, Ireland and Germany and slow-moving in Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil, and Syria. The last trine studies are natural experiments and, in effect, observational studies. Their findings should, therefore, be see with prudence as no footsure causative statements can be do in the absence of adequate away variables.